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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Conotoxin GI, des-glu(1)- 92137-82-1 C50H73N19O15S4
    Conotoxin GI, des-glu(1)-
    —— Colistin IV —— C53H100N16O13
    Colistin IV
    —— [2-[17-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-22-[[2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[2-(6-methyloctanoylamino)-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,23-heptaoxo-11,14-bis[2-(sulfomethylamino)ethyl]-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-2-yl]ethylamino]methanesulfonic acid 8068-28-8 C58H110N16O28S5
    [2-[17-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-22-[[2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[2-(6-methyloctanoylamino)-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,23-heptaoxo-11,14-bis[2-(sulfomethylamino)ethyl]-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-2-yl]ethylamino]methanesulfonic acid
    —— YIIKGVFWDPAC(BC10)-OCH3 1268364-78-8 C94H126N14O18S
    YIIKGVFWDPAC(BC10)-OCH3
    —— Cdr2.ame(39-44) 187826-36-4 C53H70N12O15S2
    Cdr2.ame(39-44)
    —— Asn-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-Asn-Leu 86879-15-4 C59H87N17O14
    Asn-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-Asn-Leu
    —— H-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Met-OH 155773-75-4 C69H115N19O22S2
    H-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-Val-DL-Met-OH
    —— Bradykinin potentiator B 30892-86-5 C56H91N15O13
    Bradykinin potentiator B
    —— Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro 91575-25-6 C40H68N14O16
    Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro
    —— Agn-PC-0low0X 7225-24-3 C54H81IN12O14
    Agn-PC-0low0X
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-3Pal-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH 101685-06-7 C69H91ClN18O13
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-3Pal-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-Trp(For)-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH 103732-99-6 C73H93ClN18O14
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-Trp(For)-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH 101685-05-6 C72H93ClN18O13
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Arg-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-OH
    —— pBrBz-(Aib-L-Ala)6-OMe 131738-96-0 C50H79BrN12O14
    pBrBz-(Aib-L-Ala)6-OMe
    —— pBrBz-(Aib-L-Ala)5-OMe 131738-95-9 C43H67BrN10O12
    pBrBz-(Aib-L-Ala)5-OMe
    —— L-Glutamic acid, N-(N2-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N2-(N-glycyl-L-histidyl)-L-glutaminyl)-L-alanyl)-L-alanyl)-L-methionyl)-L-alpha-glutamyl)-L-methionyl)-L-leucyl)-L-lysyl)- 119420-07-4 C51H85N15O17S2
    L-Glutamic acid, N-(N2-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N2-(N-glycyl-L-histidyl)-L-glutaminyl)-L-alanyl)-L-alanyl)-L-methionyl)-L-alpha-glutamyl)-L-methionyl)-L-leucyl)-L-lysyl)-
    —— H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Tyr-OMe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 77128-74-6 C64H100N18O14S
    H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Tyr-OMe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2
    —— small cardioactive peptide A 98035-79-1 C59H92N18O12S
    small cardioactive peptide A
    —— Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1-11) 144119-83-5 C55H76N14O21
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1-11)
    —— mastoparan C 93207-23-9 C72H135N19O15
    mastoparan C
    —— Uroguanylin 152175-68-3 C61H101N17O25S4
    Uroguanylin
    —— Ranatensin C 73726-66-6 C60H82N16O14S
    Ranatensin C
    —— Mastoparan MP3 107048-32-8 C60H114N16O12
    Mastoparan MP3
    —— H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
    H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2
    —— delta Sleep-inducing peptide, N-tyr- 65908-45-4 C44H57N11O17
    delta Sleep-inducing peptide, N-tyr-
    —— Lysyl-arginyl-arginyl-tryptophyl-lysyl-lysyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-isoleucyl-alanyl-valine 111394-11-7 C68H112N22O13
    Lysyl-arginyl-arginyl-tryptophyl-lysyl-lysyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-isoleucyl-alanyl-valine
    —— Gastrin-releasing peptide 10, ala(6)- 109708-38-5 C48H69N17O11S
    Gastrin-releasing peptide 10, ala(6)-
    —— Argipressin, ser-ala- 115699-80-4 C52H75N17O15S2
    Argipressin, ser-ala-
    —— α<sup>1-14</sup>-ACTH 25696-21-3 C77H109N21O20S
    α<sup>1-14</sup>-ACTH
    —— Indolicidin 140896-21-5 C100H132N26O13
    Indolicidin
    —— Astressin2-B —— C183H307N49O53
    Astressin2-B
    —— (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2S)-1-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino]-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1,5-dihydroxy-5-iminopentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1,5-dihydroxy-5-iminopentylidene]amino]-4-[(2S,3S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxy-1-iminopentan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl]imino-4-hydroxybutanoic acid —— C157H252N44O43S
    (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2S)-1-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino]-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1,5-dihydroxy-5-iminopentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1,5-dihydroxy-5-iminopentylidene]amino]-4-[(2S,3S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxy-1-iminopentan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl]imino-4-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— H-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-NH2 1609359-14-9 C50H87N21O12
    H-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-NH2
    —— Ac-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ala-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2 1609359-34-3 C50H90N18O11
    Ac-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ala-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2
    —— Ac-Lys(Tfa)(Tfa)-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ala-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2 1609359-48-9 C52H89F3N16O12
    Ac-Lys(Tfa)(Tfa)-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ala-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2
    —— Ac-Ala-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2 1609359-32-1 C50H85N17O12
    Ac-Ala-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Leu-NH2
    —— H-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-NH2 1609359-12-7 C55H96N22O13S
    H-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-NH2
    —— Neurotoxin CM 10a (Naja haje haje reduced) 61 69071-96-1 C287H468N92O87S9
    Neurotoxin CM 10a (Naja haje haje reduced) 61
    —— Myotoxin A (crotalus viridis viridis) 69331-38-0 C211H328N62O54S7
    Myotoxin A (crotalus viridis viridis)
    —— Secapin (honeybee reduced) 66327-76-2 C131H215N37O31S2
    Secapin (honeybee reduced)
    —— H-Pyr-D-Phe-D-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Lys-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 65360-23-8 C62H86N16O13
    H-Pyr-D-Phe-D-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Lys-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2
    —— (D-Phe(sup 2)-val(sup 3)-D-trp(sup 6))-LHRH 64891-34-5 C61H83N15O13
    (D-Phe(sup 2)-val(sup 3)-D-trp(sup 6))-LHRH
    —— Neurotoxin I (Naja mossambica mossambica reduced) 65216-15-1 C285H459N99O97S8
    Neurotoxin I (Naja mossambica mossambica reduced)
    —— Tridecaptin C 67922-31-0 C74H117N17O21
    Tridecaptin C
    —— Secretin (pig), 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (salt) 67307-60-2 C137H229N43O48
    Secretin (pig), 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (salt)
    —— Fsh-beta-(1-15) 135077-24-6 C70H120N18O27S
    Fsh-beta-(1-15)
    —— N-(N-(1-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl)-L-threonyl)-L-seryl)-L-alpha-glutamyl)-L-alanyl)-L-alanyl)-L-threonyl)glycyl)-L-prolyl)-L-seryl)-L-aspartic acid 115732-63-3 C43H68N12O23
    N-(N-(1-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-(N-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl)-L-threonyl)-L-seryl)-L-alpha-glutamyl)-L-alanyl)-L-alanyl)-L-threonyl)glycyl)-L-prolyl)-L-seryl)-L-aspartic acid
    —— Acetylcysteine(asparaginyl-alanyl-asparaginyl-proline)3 110605-28-2 C53H81N19O21S
    Acetylcysteine(asparaginyl-alanyl-asparaginyl-proline)3
    —— Locusta myotropin lom-AG 133337-29-8 C62H99N19O16
    Locusta myotropin lom-AG
    —— Trichotoxin A40 65216-21-9 C80H139N19O22
    Trichotoxin A40