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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— PHYD protein, Arabidopsis 158379-16-9 C61H96N16O19S
    PHYD protein, Arabidopsis
    —— Terramycin Ophthalmic 1405-20-5 C48H84N16O17S
    Terramycin Ophthalmic
    —— Circulin 9008-54-2 C45H84N16O13
    Circulin
    —— Eledoisin perfluoroacetate 39877-24-2 C56H86F3N13O17S
    Eledoisin perfluoroacetate
    —— Neurotensin (1-10) 63524-00-5 C57H90N18O16
    Neurotensin (1-10)
    —— Uperolein 55601-63-3 C57H79N13O16S
    Uperolein
    —— Bombolitin V 95648-98-9 C81H144N22O19
    Bombolitin V
    —— Bombolitin Iii 95732-42-6 C87H157N23O19S
    Bombolitin Iii
    —— Bombolitin Ii 95732-43-7 C83H149N23O21
    Bombolitin Ii
    —— Bombolitin I 95648-97-8 C85H155N23O19S
    Bombolitin I
    —— Thr-Phe-Gln-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Arg-Glu-Ala 117592-22-0 C55H82N14O16
    Thr-Phe-Gln-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Arg-Glu-Ala
    —— pGlu-Lys-Arg-Pro-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu 136132-68-8 C60H100N20O17
    pGlu-Lys-Arg-Pro-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu
    —— 2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid 131602-53-4 C45H81N13O14S
    2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
    —— Somatostatin (sheep reduced), 1-de-l-alanine-2-deglycine-3-de-l-cysteine-4-(N2-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester 76408-86-1 C99H132N18O29S4
    Somatostatin (sheep reduced), 1-de-l-alanine-2-deglycine-3-de-l-cysteine-4-(N2-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester
    —— Somatostatin (sheep reduced), 1-de-l-alanine-2-deglycine-3-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-l-cysteine)-4-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester 76408-89-4 C105H142N20O31S5
    Somatostatin (sheep reduced), 1-de-l-alanine-2-deglycine-3-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-l-cysteine)-4-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester
    —— Toxin, entero-(Escherichia coli strain 18D heat-stable reduced) 18 79153-26-7 C81H110N20O26S6
    Toxin, entero-(Escherichia coli strain 18D heat-stable reduced) 18
    —— Toxin I, entero-(Escherichia coli heat-stable reduced) 72 75661-71-1 C172H274N52O53S5
    Toxin I, entero-(Escherichia coli heat-stable reduced) 72
    —— Apamin, N-acetyl-4-(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)- 78114-13-3 C83H135N31O26S4
    Apamin, N-acetyl-4-(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)-
    —— Neurotoxin III (Laticauda semifasciata reduced) 75433-28-2 C305H468N86O100S10
    Neurotoxin III (Laticauda semifasciata reduced)
    —— (D-Tmo(sup 6))-LHRH acetate 82317-93-9 C67H91N17O18
    (D-Tmo(sup 6))-LHRH acetate
    —— Neurotoxin (Centruroides sculpturatus variant 3) 76415-77-5 C307H456N78O99S8
    Neurotoxin (Centruroides sculpturatus variant 3)
    —— Dolcanatide 1092457-65-2 C65H104N18O26S4
    Dolcanatide
    —— N-L-Tyrosylcorticotropin-releasing factor (sheep) 83930-34-1 C214H348N60O65S
    N-L-Tyrosylcorticotropin-releasing factor (sheep)
    —— Dthfpicifccgcchrskcgmcckt-OH 342809-17-0 C113H170N34O31S9
    Dthfpicifccgcchrskcgmcckt-OH
    —— Motixafortide 664334-36-5 C97H144FN33O19S2
    Motixafortide
    —— (4S)-5-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutylidene]amino]-5-hydroxypentanoic acid —— C75H106N20O19S
    (4S)-5-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutylidene]amino]-5-hydroxypentanoic acid
    —— 2-Deamino-L-Abu(1)-L-Lys-L-Asp(NH2)-L-Phe-L-Phe-L-Trp-L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Tyr-L-Thr-L-Ser-L-Abu(1)-OH —— C73H99N15O18
    2-Deamino-L-Abu(1)-L-Lys-L-Asp(NH2)-L-Phe-L-Phe-L-Trp-L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Tyr-L-Thr-L-Ser-L-Abu(1)-OH
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-hydroxymethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino]-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-iminopentanoic acid —— C99H155N31O23
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-hydroxymethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino]-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-iminopentanoic acid
    —— C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2 1155307-96-2 C80H114N24O21S2
    C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2
    —— C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 1155307-95-1 C77H116N24O21S2
    C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2
    —— C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Ser-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Arg-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2 1155307-97-3 C78H110N24O22S2
    C6H5-SO2-Glu-Gln-Ser-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Arg-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2
    —— Lysozyme (chicken egg white) 9001-63-2 C99H159N37O23
    Lysozyme (chicken egg white)
    —— Fexapotide Triflutate 1609252-56-3 C100H168F15N27O35S
    Fexapotide Triflutate
    —— H-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Gln-DL-xiThr-DL-Asp-DL-Asn-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Glu-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-xiThr-OH —— C82H119N21O34S3
    H-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Gln-DL-xiThr-DL-Asp-DL-Asn-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Glu-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(Acm)-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-xiThr-OH
    —— H-DL-xiIle-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Lys-DL-Tyr-DL-xiIle-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-Gly-DL-xiIle-OH —— C150H240N36O43S2
    H-DL-xiIle-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Lys-DL-Tyr-DL-xiIle-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-Gly-DL-xiIle-OH
    —— KW 5139; [Leu13]-human motilin; [Leu13]Porcine motilin —— C121H190N34O35
    KW 5139; [Leu13]-human motilin; [Leu13]Porcine motilin
    —— H-Met-ala-gly-pro-his-pro-val-ile-val-ile-thr-gly-pro-his-glu-glu-OH —— C75H118N20O22S
    H-Met-ala-gly-pro-his-pro-val-ile-val-ile-thr-gly-pro-his-glu-glu-OH
    —— H-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Gln-DL-Met-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Arg-DL-Leu-DL-Phe-DL-xiIle-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Asn-Gly-Gly-DL-Pro-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Ser-NH2 —— C149H234N40O47S
    H-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Gln-DL-Met-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Arg-DL-Leu-DL-Phe-DL-xiIle-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Asn-Gly-Gly-DL-Pro-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Ser-NH2
    —— H-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ala-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-His-DL-Arg-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-Gly-Gly-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Lys-DL-Asn-DL-Asn-DL-Phe-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-xiThr-DL-Asn-DL-Val-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-OH —— C163H266N50O50S2
    H-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ala-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-His-DL-Arg-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-Gly-Gly-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Lys-DL-Asn-DL-Asn-DL-Phe-DL-Val-DL-Pro-DL-xiThr-DL-Asn-DL-Val-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-OH
    —— CJC1295 Without DAC —— C152H252N44O42
    CJC1295 Without DAC
    —— Hsdavftdny trlrkqvaak kylqsiknkr Y —— C167H270N52O46
    Hsdavftdny trlrkqvaak kylqsiknkr Y
    —— H-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Phe-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-His-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Val-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Leu-DL-Gln-DL-Pro-DL-Arg-OH —— C141H235N47O41
    H-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Phe-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-His-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Val-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Ser-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Leu-DL-Gln-DL-Pro-DL-Arg-OH
    —— H-Cys(1)-Cys(2)-Glu-Tyr-Cys(3)-Cys(1)-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys(2)-DL-Thr-Gly-Cys(3)-Tyr-OH —— C59H79N15O21S6
    H-Cys(1)-Cys(2)-Glu-Tyr-Cys(3)-Cys(1)-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys(2)-DL-Thr-Gly-Cys(3)-Tyr-OH
    —— tertiapin-Q —— C100H163N31O23S4
    tertiapin-Q
    —— Pyr-pro-leu-pro-asp-cys-cys-arg-gln-lys-thr-cys-ser-cys-arg-leu-tyr-glu-leu-leu-his-gly-ala-gly-asn-his-ala-ala-gly-ile-leu-thr-leu-NH2 —— C152H243N47O44S4
    Pyr-pro-leu-pro-asp-cys-cys-arg-gln-lys-thr-cys-ser-cys-arg-leu-tyr-glu-leu-leu-his-gly-ala-gly-asn-his-ala-ala-gly-ile-leu-thr-leu-NH2
    —— Dicetrorelix pamoate 165186-69-6 C163H200Cl2N34O34
    Dicetrorelix pamoate
    —— H-Gly-DL-Ile-Gly-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Val-DL-Leu-DL-Thr-DL-Thr-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ile-DL-Ser-DL-Trp-DL-Ile-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-NH2 —— C131H229N39O31
    H-Gly-DL-Ile-Gly-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Val-DL-Leu-DL-Thr-DL-Thr-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ile-DL-Ser-DL-Trp-DL-Ile-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-NH2
    —— Cholecystokinin (10-20) 100900-23-0 C54H90N16O18
    Cholecystokinin (10-20)
    —— Trh-potentiating peptide 122018-91-1 C54H75N11O18S
    Trh-potentiating peptide
    —— scyliorhinin I 103425-21-4 C59H87N13O13S
    scyliorhinin I