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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1-((Z)-((3S,6R,14R,17S,20S,28aS)-17-((1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-20-(4-aminobutyl)-3-butyl-6-((S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)-14-((S)-2-((S)-5-guanidino-2-((S)-1-((S)-5-guanidino-2-((S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)pentanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)pentanamido)-4-methylpentanamido)-1,4, 15,18,21,24-hexaoxodocosahydropyrrolo[2,1-i][1,23,4,7, 10,13, 16,19]dithiahexaazacyclohexacosin-10(1H,9H, 11H)-ylidene)aminooxy)-19-carboxy-2,7,16,21-tetraoxo-9,12-dioxa-3,6, 15,20-tetraazaoctatriacontan-38-oic acid) 1613023-84-9 C104H169N27O26S2
    (1-((Z)-((3S,6R,14R,17S,20S,28aS)-17-((1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-20-(4-aminobutyl)-3-butyl-6-((S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)-14-((S)-2-((S)-5-guanidino-2-((S)-1-((S)-5-guanidino-2-((S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)pentanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)pentanamido)-4-methylpentanamido)-1,4, 15,18,21,24-hexaoxodocosahydropyrrolo[2,1-i][1,23,4,7, 10,13, 16,19]dithiahexaazacyclohexacosin-10(1H,9H, 11H)-ylidene)aminooxy)-19-carboxy-2,7,16,21-tetraoxo-9,12-dioxa-3,6, 15,20-tetraazaoctatriacontan-38-oic acid)
    —— LFRVYSNFLRG-OH 1058727-39-1 C65H98N18O15
    LFRVYSNFLRG-OH
    —— 1407535-85-6 C64H92N14O14S
    —— 53697-07-7 C55H74N16O14
    —— 1360545-09-0 C54H88N13O13S2
    —— 1421638-58-5 C67H107N19O19S2
    —— 138764-83-7 C68H94N18O24
    —— Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Ala-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 53412-53-6 C49H71N17O12
    Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Ala-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Arg-Cys(1)-Phe-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-82-8 C67H107N21O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Arg-Cys(1)-Phe-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— 51814-15-4 C59H83N17O13
    —— H-His-Gly-Val-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr(Galβ1->3GalNAcα)-Arg-NH2 1194535-58-4 C56H93N17O25
    H-His-Gly-Val-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr(Galβ1->3GalNAcα)-Arg-NH2
    —— 1<sup>ε</sup>,4<sup>ε</sup>,10<sup>δ</sup>-Triguan-<Lys-Glu-Thr-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala> 55299-85-9 C91H148N32O33S
    1<sup>ε</sup>,4<sup>ε</sup>,10<sup>δ</sup>-Triguan-<Lys-Glu-Thr-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala>
    —— benzyl N-(N2-N2-S-benzhydryl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-cysteinyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-N6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-N6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-L-lysyl)-O-benzyl-L-seryl-L-alaninate 123347-85-3 C91H118N12O18S
    benzyl N-(N2-N2-S-benzhydryl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-cysteinyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-N6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-N6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-L-lysyl)-O-benzyl-L-seryl-L-alaninate
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-9-[(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-07-7 C72H105N21O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-9-[(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— Ddz-Dah(Boc)-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro-Ala-Phe-OMe 87918-79-4 C79H103N11O17
    Ddz-Dah(Boc)-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro-Ala-Phe-OMe
    —— SP-NHEt 101810-06-4 C65H102N18O13S
    SP-NHEt
    —— CssII[Lys1-Gly11]-NHNH2 1334711-69-1 C51H87N15O17
    CssII[Lys1-Gly11]-NHNH2
    —— 1550147-96-0 C69H98N18O19S2
    —— CBP-501 acetate 1829512-40-4 C88H126F5N29O19
    CBP-501 acetate
    —— 54744-31-9 C56H75N15O14
    —— 54744-30-8 C53H71N15O13
    —— 1383382-81-7 C77H128N19O28PS2
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Val-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-16-8 C63H106N18O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Val-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— 1383382-77-1 C65H105N16O24PS
    —— 1383382-53-3 C62H104N18O32P2S2
    —— 1383382-57-7 C62H101N16O28PS
    —— H-Arg-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Arg-OH 51349-51-0 C52H76N18O15
    H-Arg-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Arg-OH
    —— Secretin (7-27) 38155-06-5 C102H183N35O32
    Secretin (7-27)
    —— RRWRIVVIRVRR 865995-43-3 C74H133N31O13
    RRWRIVVIRVRR
    —— Ac-YGG-Arg<sub>8</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub> 1428318-48-2 C63H116N36O13
    Ac-YGG-Arg<sub>8</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub>
    —— L-Lysinamide, N2-[4-[[4-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]-1-oxobutyl]-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-I+/--glutamyl-L-norvalyl-L-tryptophyl-L-arginyl-N-[2-[(5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)amino]ethyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-alanyl- 202273-56-1 C99H144N28O20S
    L-Lysinamide, N2-[4-[[4-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]-1-oxobutyl]-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-I+/--glutamyl-L-norvalyl-L-tryptophyl-L-arginyl-N-[2-[(5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)amino]ethyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-alanyl-
    —— Ac-YGG-(Agp-S)<sub>4</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub> 1428318-55-1 C43H72N24O17
    Ac-YGG-(Agp-S)<sub>4</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub>
    —— 1407535-82-3 C55H99N17O12S
    —— H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH 124584-08-3 C143H244N50O42S4
    H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH
    —— (N<sup>α</sup>-Z-Arg<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>ε</sup>-Z-Lys<sup>3</sup>)-SP-OMe 101914-73-2 C80H111N17O18S
    (N<sup>α</sup>-Z-Arg<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>ε</sup>-Z-Lys<sup>3</sup>)-SP-OMe
    —— [Dab(Z)(1,3,5,8,9),Thr(Bzl)(2,10)]PMB3 286374-98-9 C109H138N16O23
    [Dab(Z)(1,3,5,8,9),Thr(Bzl)(2,10)]PMB3
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Cys(1)-Phe-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-81-7 C67H107N19O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Cys(1)-Phe-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— α-conotoxin AuIB globular 216299-21-7 C65H89N17O21S4
    α-conotoxin AuIB globular
    —— 1611002-43-7 C108H167N29O31S2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-29-[(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-77-1 C68H103N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-29-[(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— insulin, 3-iodo-Tyr(A14)- 51798-73-3 C254H376IN65O75S6
    insulin, 3-iodo-Tyr(A14)-
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-29-[(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)methyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-11-3 C67H101N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-29-[(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)methyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— 62129-68-4 C135H212I2N30O35S
    —— Ac-Gly-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 43157-31-9 C54H75N17O13
    Ac-Gly-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2
    —— [Dab(Z)(1,3),Thr(Bzl)(2,10),Orn(Z)(5,8,9)]PMB3 1221795-64-7 C112H144N16O23
    [Dab(Z)(1,3),Thr(Bzl)(2,10),Orn(Z)(5,8,9)]PMB3
    —— 1311292-26-8 C72H96N18O20
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[2-[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]ethyl]-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-10-2 C68H106N22O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[2-[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]ethyl]-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— 1430088-90-6 C91H122F8N18O19S2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-9-[(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)methyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-03-3 C67H101N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-9-[(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)methyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— 1383382-61-3 C42H74N11O15PS