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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— <D-Trp<sup>2,8</sup>,D-Pro<sup>10</sup>>dynorphin(1-11) 102851-34-3 C77H109N23O13
    <D-Trp<sup>2,8</sup>,D-Pro<sup>10</sup>>dynorphin(1-11)
    —— Boc-Lys(Boc)-Glu(o-tBu)-Thr-Lys(Boc)-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu(o-tBu)-Orn(Boc)-Glu(NH2)-His-OMe 55299-79-1 C89H146N18O27
    Boc-Lys(Boc)-Glu(o-tBu)-Thr-Lys(Boc)-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu(o-tBu)-Orn(Boc)-Glu(NH2)-His-OMe
    —— 52530-58-2 C73H109N19O16
    —— Oc-Aib-Pro-Phe-Aib-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Aib-Nva-Glu(OMe)-Ala-Lol 610784-47-9 C66H107N11O18
    Oc-Aib-Pro-Phe-Aib-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Aib-Nva-Glu(OMe)-Ala-Lol
    —— 54744-32-0 C61H77N15O14
    —— 53334-04-6 C89H146N26O32S
    —— Boc-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-OEt 57471-81-5 C83H118N12O17
    Boc-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-OEt
    —— 1572009-82-5 C58H89N11O11
    —— Astressin 2B 681260-70-8 C183H307N49O53
    Astressin 2B
    —— Boc-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Aic-NH2 200949-72-0 C62H82N14O12
    Boc-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Aic-NH2
    —— 1224854-59-4 C57H78N12O16S
    —— 69771-05-7 C75H107N21O20S2
    —— 40215-45-0 C74H129N21O19S
    —— 1311292-31-5 C85H109N21O22
    —— (L5)-HCl*Ala-Ala-ε-Z-Lys-Phe-ONB 42816-25-1 C39H49N7O10*ClH
    (L5)-HCl*Ala-Ala-ε-Z-Lys-Phe-ONB
    —— 50997-65-4 C103H155N21O27S
    —— Z(OMe)-Leu-Cys(Bzl)-Glu(NH2)-Thr-Phe-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly 52941-71-6 C61H80N10O16S
    Z(OMe)-Leu-Cys(Bzl)-Glu(NH2)-Thr-Phe-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly
    —— Z(OMe)-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg(Mts)-Gln-Arg(Mts)-Tyr(CH2Bzl)-NH2 126117-83-7 C101H138Cl2N22O23S2
    Z(OMe)-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg(Mts)-Gln-Arg(Mts)-Tyr(CH2Bzl)-NH2
    —— γ-ECGHDRKAHYK 1026993-89-4 C56H86N20O17S
    γ-ECGHDRKAHYK
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]methyl]-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-09-9 C67H104N22O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]methyl]-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— 61339-75-1 C130H190N34O40S4
    —— 53697-06-6 C56H77N17O13
    —— 50997-56-3 C2HF3O2*C71H107N15O18
    —— 39802-76-1 C74H112N16O19
    —— Boc-Glu(OBzl)-Arg(Mts)-Gln-His-Met-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-OBzl 111334-61-3 C92H124N18O26S2
    Boc-Glu(OBzl)-Arg(Mts)-Gln-His-Met-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-OBzl
    —— FmocVRSYTAGP-OPh-pNO2 1094674-12-0 C58H72N12O16
    FmocVRSYTAGP-OPh-pNO2
    —— H-Lys(Z)-Pro-Asp(OBzl)-Gln-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 89671-39-6 C62H88N12O14S
    H-Lys(Z)-Pro-Asp(OBzl)-Gln-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-06-6 C69H105N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— Z-Ser(Bu<sup>t</sup>)-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Asp(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Leu-Lys(Pz)-Lys(Pz)-His-Gly-Val-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Leu-Thr(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Gly-OMe 55593-00-5 C136H190N24O30
    Z-Ser(Bu<sup>t</sup>)-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Asp(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Leu-Lys(Pz)-Lys(Pz)-His-Gly-Val-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Leu-Thr(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Gly-OMe
    —— Boc-Lys(Boc)-Glu(o-tBu)-Thr-Lys(Boc)-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu(o-tBu)-Orn(Boc)-Glu(NH2)-His-N2H3 55299-83-7 C88H146N20O26
    Boc-Lys(Boc)-Glu(o-tBu)-Thr-Lys(Boc)-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu(o-tBu)-Orn(Boc)-Glu(NH2)-His-N2H3
    —— (-)-4-<N-(2-biphenyl-4-ylisopropoxycarbonylasparaginyl)-4-iodophenylalanylphenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-N-ε-t-butoxycarbonyl-lysyl-O-t-butylthreonylphenylalanylamino>-3-(1-naphthyl)butanoic acid 108827-23-2 C91H106IN11O15
    (-)-4-<N-(2-biphenyl-4-ylisopropoxycarbonylasparaginyl)-4-iodophenylalanylphenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-N-ε-t-butoxycarbonyl-lysyl-O-t-butylthreonylphenylalanylamino>-3-(1-naphthyl)butanoic acid
    —— Acetyl-Ser-<Tyr-3,5-<sup>3</sup>H>-Ser-Met-γ-tert.butyl-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-ε-tert.butyloxycarbonyl-Lys-Pro-Val-Amid 53267-78-0 C86H125N21O21S
    Acetyl-Ser-<Tyr-3,5-<sup>3</sup>H>-Ser-Met-γ-tert.butyl-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-ε-tert.butyloxycarbonyl-Lys-Pro-Val-Amid
    —— Boc-Leu-His-Cys(CH2Ph)-Asp(CH2Ph)-Lys(Z)-Leu-His-Val-Asp(CH2Ph)-Pro-OCH2Ph 66919-57-1 C92H119N15O19S
    Boc-Leu-His-Cys(CH2Ph)-Asp(CH2Ph)-Lys(Z)-Leu-His-Val-Asp(CH2Ph)-Pro-OCH2Ph
    —— H-Gln-His-Met-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-OBzl*TFA 111334-60-2 C2HF3O2*C60H81N13O18S
    H-Gln-His-Met-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-OBzl*TFA
    —— Pepsitensin; Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu 26259-87-0 C67H98N18O15
    Pepsitensin; Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu
    —— 1426834-46-9 C115H161N29O35S
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Ile-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-17-9 C64H108N18O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Ile-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— Bpoc-Asn-Phe(I)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe-Thr(t-Bu)-Ser(t-Bu)-D-Cys(Trt)-O-t-Bu 108867-73-8 C118H148IN13O19S
    Bpoc-Asn-Phe(I)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe-Thr(t-Bu)-Ser(t-Bu)-D-Cys(Trt)-O-t-Bu
    —— 69710-34-5 C77H109N21O19S2
    —— Boc-Leu-Lys(Pz)-Lys(Pz)-His-Gly-Val-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Leu-Thr(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Gly-OMe 55592-98-8 C109H151N21O22
    Boc-Leu-Lys(Pz)-Lys(Pz)-His-Gly-Val-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Leu-Thr(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Gly-OMe
    —— 50700-67-9 C58H81N17O14
    —— Pyr-His-Trp-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 53412-59-2 C55H75N17O12*ClH
    Pyr-His-Trp-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2
    —— (1R,4S,7S,10S,13R,18R,21S,24S,27S,30R,33S,39S,42S)-4,21,39-tris(4-aminobutyl)-13-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino]-N-[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxy-1-iminopentan-2-yl]-7,24-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-3,6,9,12,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44-tridecahydroxy-10,27,33,42-tetrakis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-15,16,46,47-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43-tridecazabicyclo[28.14.4]octatetraconta-2,5,8,11,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43-tridecaene-18-carboximidic acid 147658-54-6 C109H164N38O22S4
    (1R,4S,7S,10S,13R,18R,21S,24S,27S,30R,33S,39S,42S)-4,21,39-tris(4-aminobutyl)-13-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino]-N-[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxy-1-iminopentan-2-yl]-7,24-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-3,6,9,12,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44-tridecahydroxy-10,27,33,42-tetrakis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-15,16,46,47-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43-tridecazabicyclo[28.14.4]octatetraconta-2,5,8,11,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43-tridecaene-18-carboximidic acid
    —— Bpoc-Asn-Phe(I)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe(I)-Gaba-OTmse 108826-97-7 C86H111I2N11O15Si
    Bpoc-Asn-Phe(I)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe(I)-Gaba-OTmse
    —— Ac-Ser-Tyr(3H2)-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2 53267-73-5 C77H109N21O19S
    Ac-Ser-Tyr(3H2)-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Ala-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-15-7 C61H102N18O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-Ala-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— 50997-54-1 C76H115N15O20
    —— SP-NHBu 101810-08-6 C67H106N18O13S
    SP-NHBu
    —— Boc-Cys(MBzl)-Val-Thr-His-Arg(Mts)-Leu-Ala-OMe 111871-60-4 C56H86N12O14S2
    Boc-Cys(MBzl)-Val-Thr-His-Arg(Mts)-Leu-Ala-OMe
    —— EtNHCS-L-Val-Aib4-GlyNH2 1605397-43-0 C26H48N8O6S
    EtNHCS-L-Val-Aib4-GlyNH2