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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— H-Phe-Arg-Met-Val-Leu-Thr-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH —— C50H82N14O13S
    H-Phe-Arg-Met-Val-Leu-Thr-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH
    —— H-Met-Gly-Val-Gly-Leu-Leu-Asn-Arg-Ile-Ile-OH —— C48H88N14O12S
    H-Met-Gly-Val-Gly-Leu-Leu-Asn-Arg-Ile-Ile-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Gly-Gly-Tyr-OH —— C38H60N10O12
    H-Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Gly-Gly-Tyr-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Val-OH —— C40H72N10O12
    H-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Val-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ser-Gly-Met-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-OH —— C38H66N10O17S
    H-Ala-Ser-Gly-Met-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ser-Ser-Gln-Ala-Gln-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-OH —— C39H58N12O15
    H-Gly-Ser-Ser-Gln-Ala-Gln-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-OH
    —— H-Arg-Gly-Gly-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-OH —— C41H71N19O13
    H-Arg-Gly-Gly-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-OH
    —— H-Cys-Arg-Asp-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ser-Arg-Ala-Pro-OH —— C39H68N16O16S
    H-Cys-Arg-Asp-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ser-Arg-Ala-Pro-OH
    —— H-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ala-Pro-Gly-Arg-Asp-Gly-Gly-OH —— C33H55N13O15
    H-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ala-Pro-Gly-Arg-Asp-Gly-Gly-OH
    —— H-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Leu-OH —— C56H88N10O13
    H-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Leu-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-OH —— C35H57N13O15
    H-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-OH
    —— H-Gly-Cys-Cys-Ala-Met-Leu-Thr-Cys-Cys-Val-OH —— C37H66N10O12S5
    H-Gly-Cys-Cys-Ala-Met-Leu-Thr-Cys-Cys-Val-OH
    —— H-Met-Leu-Ser-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ala-Val-Cys-Met-Ser-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-OH —— C68H119N21O24S3
    H-Met-Leu-Ser-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ala-Val-Cys-Met-Ser-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-OH
    —— H-Ser-Arg-Thr-Val-Arg-Cys-Thr-Cys-Ile-Ser-Ile-Ser-Asn-Gln-Pro-OH —— C66H117N23O23S2
    H-Ser-Arg-Thr-Val-Arg-Cys-Thr-Cys-Ile-Ser-Ile-Ser-Asn-Gln-Pro-OH
    —— H-Lys-Val-Gly-Trp-Leu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Phe-His-D-Lys-Lys-OH —— C74H117N19O14
    H-Lys-Val-Gly-Trp-Leu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Phe-His-D-Lys-Lys-OH
    —— H-Lys-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gly-Val-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ala-Leu-Thr-Ile-OH —— C72H131N19O21
    H-Lys-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gly-Val-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ala-Leu-Thr-Ile-OH
    —— H-Val-Leu-Glu-Met-Lys-Phe-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gln-Glu-Thr-Val-Thr-OH —— C79H125N17O23S
    H-Val-Leu-Glu-Met-Lys-Phe-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gln-Glu-Thr-Val-Thr-OH
    —— H-Ile-Asn-Val-Leu-Gly-Ile-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ser-His-Leu-NH2 —— C81H144N22O19
    H-Ile-Asn-Val-Leu-Gly-Ile-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ser-His-Leu-NH2
    —— H-Met-Ser-Leu-Gln-Lys-Arg-Ser-Leu-Ile-Ala-Glu-Val-Leu-Val-Lys-OH —— C76H139N21O21S
    H-Met-Ser-Leu-Gln-Lys-Arg-Ser-Leu-Ile-Ala-Glu-Val-Leu-Val-Lys-OH
    —— H-Asn-Ala-Thr-Lys-Ser-Gln-Pro-Cys-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Leu-Phe-OH —— C72H120N18O22S
    H-Asn-Ala-Thr-Lys-Ser-Gln-Pro-Cys-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Leu-Phe-OH
    —— H-Arg-Pro-Leu-Trp-Gly-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ser-Leu-His-OH —— C65H106N22O14
    H-Arg-Pro-Leu-Trp-Gly-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ser-Leu-His-OH
    —— H-Lys-Arg-Lys-Ile-Leu-Val-Val-Asp-Leu-Asp-Glu-Thr-Leu-Ile-OH —— C75H135N19O22
    H-Lys-Arg-Lys-Ile-Leu-Val-Val-Asp-Leu-Asp-Glu-Thr-Leu-Ile-OH
    —— H-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-OH —— C71H127N17O16
    H-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-OH
    —— H-Met-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Phe-Ile-Leu-Ser-Ala-Ala-OH —— C72H124N14O16S
    H-Met-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Phe-Ile-Leu-Ser-Ala-Ala-OH
    —— H-Ala-Glu-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Val-Glu-His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Lys-OH —— C71H120N18O22
    H-Ala-Glu-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Val-Glu-His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Lys-OH
    —— H-His-Thr-Met-Leu-Cys-Met-Cys-Cys-Lys-Cys-Glu-Ala-Arg-Ile-OH —— C64H112N20O18S6
    H-His-Thr-Met-Leu-Cys-Met-Cys-Cys-Lys-Cys-Glu-Ala-Arg-Ile-OH
    —— H-Ser-Ala-Gly-Glu-Leu-Glu-Leu-Lys-Phe-Arg-Arg-Val-Lys-OH —— C68H117N21O19
    H-Ser-Ala-Gly-Glu-Leu-Glu-Leu-Lys-Phe-Arg-Arg-Val-Lys-OH
    —— H-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gln-Ser-Pro-Pro-Asn-Ile-Tyr(PO3H2)-Tyr-Lys-Val-OH —— C69H103N16O22P
    H-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gln-Ser-Pro-Pro-Asn-Ile-Tyr(PO3H2)-Tyr-Lys-Val-OH
    —— (5S)-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-propan-2-ylhexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexanoic acid —— C61H102N22O20
    (5S)-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-propan-2-ylhexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexanoic acid
    —— H-Lys-Thr-Val-Ser-Trp-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Met-Lys-Lys-OH —— C64H102N16O17S
    H-Lys-Thr-Val-Ser-Trp-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Met-Lys-Lys-OH
    —— H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Cys-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ala-Cys-OH —— C68H120N18O20S3
    H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Cys-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ala-Cys-OH
    —— H-Val-Leu-Glu-Thr-Ser-Met-Ala-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Thr-Asn-Val-Ile-Ser-OH —— C70H121N17O28S
    H-Val-Leu-Glu-Thr-Ser-Met-Ala-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Thr-Asn-Val-Ile-Ser-OH
    —— H-Ala-Val-Pro-Ile-Gln-Lys-Val-Gln-Asp-Asp-Thr-Lys-Thr-Leu-Ile-OH —— C74H129N19O24
    H-Ala-Val-Pro-Ile-Gln-Lys-Val-Gln-Asp-Asp-Thr-Lys-Thr-Leu-Ile-OH
    —— H-Thr-Pro-Ala-Gln-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Leu-Pro-Gly-Ala-Gln-Pro-OH —— C66H102N16O20
    H-Thr-Pro-Ala-Gln-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Leu-Pro-Gly-Ala-Gln-Pro-OH
    —— H-Pro-Ser-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Ile-Thr-Leu-Phe-Ser-Ile-Arg-Leu-Ala-OH —— C75H129N19O19
    H-Pro-Ser-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Ile-Thr-Leu-Phe-Ser-Ile-Arg-Leu-Ala-OH
    —— H-Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro-Ile-OH —— C57H98N18O21
    H-Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro-Ile-OH
    —— H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Asn-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH —— C57H91N19O16S3
    H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Asn-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH
    —— N-[(2S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-3-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,21S)-2,11,14-tris(1-aminoethyl)-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-20-methyl-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,22-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclodocos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide —— C53H100N16O13
    N-[(2S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-3-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,21S)-2,11,14-tris(1-aminoethyl)-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-20-methyl-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,22-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclodocos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide
    —— H-Gln-Leu-Val-Phe-Gly-Ile-Glu-Leu-Met-Glu-Val-OH —— C59H96N12O17S
    H-Gln-Leu-Val-Phe-Gly-Ile-Glu-Leu-Met-Glu-Val-OH
    —— H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Lys-Thr-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH —— C57H92N16O16S3
    H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Lys-Thr-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH
    —— H-Leu-Thr-Thr-Val-Tyr-Pro-His-Arg-Tyr-Thr-OH —— C58H87N15O16
    H-Leu-Thr-Thr-Val-Tyr-Pro-His-Arg-Tyr-Thr-OH
    —— H-Asn-Leu-Met-Asn-Arg-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Leu-Pro-Arg-Val-Asp-OH —— C66H116N22O21S
    H-Asn-Leu-Met-Asn-Arg-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Leu-Pro-Arg-Val-Asp-OH
    —— H-Phe-Gly-Arg-Ser-Phe-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Thr-Asp-OH —— C62H97N17O21
    H-Phe-Gly-Arg-Ser-Phe-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Thr-Asp-OH
    —— H-Ala-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ser-Val-Arg-Arg-Met-Ala-Glu-OH —— C48H87N19O16S
    H-Ala-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ser-Val-Arg-Arg-Met-Ala-Glu-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ser-Trp-Asp-Asp-Ser-Leu-Asn-Gly-Arg-Val-OH —— C51H78N16O19
    H-Ala-Ser-Trp-Asp-Asp-Ser-Leu-Asn-Gly-Arg-Val-OH
    —— H-Leu-Trp-Glu-Glu-Cys-Lys-Pro-Cys-Leu-Lys-Gln-Thr-Cys-OH —— C68H109N17O20S3
    H-Leu-Trp-Glu-Glu-Cys-Lys-Pro-Cys-Leu-Lys-Gln-Thr-Cys-OH
    —— H-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Gln-Gly-Gly-Lys-Val-Arg-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-OH —— C66H125N27O17
    H-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Gln-Gly-Gly-Lys-Val-Arg-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-OH
    —— H-Ser-Ser-Val-Ser-Ser-Gln-Phe-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Gln-Ala-Ser-Pro-OH —— C60H93N17O26
    H-Ser-Ser-Val-Ser-Ser-Gln-Phe-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Gln-Ala-Ser-Pro-OH
    —— H-Cys-Val-Ala-Leu-Cys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Cys-Gly-Glu-Gly-Cys-OH —— C49H84N16O18S4
    H-Cys-Val-Ala-Leu-Cys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Cys-Gly-Glu-Gly-Cys-OH
    —— Ac-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Val-Pro-Val-NH2 —— C53H84N14O16
    Ac-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Val-Pro-Val-NH2