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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[2-[(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-[bis(azanyl)methylideneamino]-1-oxidanylidene-pentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxidanylidene-pentan-2-yl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-yl-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl]amino] 76932-56-4 C66H83N17O13
    N-[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[2-[(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-[bis(azanyl)methylideneamino]-1-oxidanylidene-pentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxidanylidene-pentan-2-yl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-yl-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl]amino]
    —— LHRH, N-epsilon-azidobenzoyl-lys(6)- 78527-81-8 C66H87N21O14
    LHRH, N-epsilon-azidobenzoyl-lys(6)-
    —— 6-Biotinyllysine-gnrh 84806-41-7 C69H98N20O15S
    6-Biotinyllysine-gnrh
    —— L-Cysteinamide, L-arginyl-L-cysteinyl-3-cyclohexyl-L-alanylglycylglycyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-D-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-L-arginyl-, cyclic (2-13)-disulfide 1175277-92-5 C69H116N26O15S2
    L-Cysteinamide, L-arginyl-L-cysteinyl-3-cyclohexyl-L-alanylglycylglycyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-D-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-L-arginyl-, cyclic (2-13)-disulfide
    —— H-D-Arg-D-Ser-D-Ser-Cys(1)-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly-Ala-Cys(1)-NH2 111863-73-1 C64H107N25O19S2
    H-D-Arg-D-Ser-D-Ser-Cys(1)-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly-Ala-Cys(1)-NH2
    —— Corazonin 122984-73-0 C62H84N18O18
    Corazonin
    —— L-Argininamide, L-arginyl-L-asparaginyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl- 115722-25-3 C74H119N25O14
    L-Argininamide, L-arginyl-L-asparaginyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-
    —— Glutamyl-asparaginyl-prolyl-seryl-glutaminyl-phenylalanyl-tyrosyl-glutamyl-arginyl-leucyl-cysteinamide 93675-09-3 C60H89N17O19S
    Glutamyl-asparaginyl-prolyl-seryl-glutaminyl-phenylalanyl-tyrosyl-glutamyl-arginyl-leucyl-cysteinamide
    —— Neurotensin, arg(9)- 63770-62-7 C78H121N21O20
    Neurotensin, arg(9)-
    —— LHRH, N-ac-Pro(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-(2-naphthyl-ala)(3,6)- 82778-57-2 C73H89ClN14O13
    LHRH, N-ac-Pro(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-(2-naphthyl-ala)(3,6)-
    —— (D-Mtf6)-LHRH acetate 82317-97-3 C65H84F3N17O15
    (D-Mtf6)-LHRH acetate
    —— LHRH, phe(2)-trp(3)-phe(6)- 63722-14-5 C65H83N15O13
    LHRH, phe(2)-trp(3)-phe(6)-
    —— Ranamargarin 132151-82-7 C70H110N20O22S
    Ranamargarin
    —— (D-Nal(1)(sup 6))-LHRH acetate 82317-96-2 C68H87N17O15
    (D-Nal(1)(sup 6))-LHRH acetate
    —— Substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)- 80434-86-2 C74H106N20O13S
    Substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-
    —— Relaxin C-peptide 115825-92-8 C75H118N20O24
    Relaxin C-peptide
    —— Dynorphin (1-12) 79985-35-6 C69H114N22O14
    Dynorphin (1-12)
    —— Eblsp 87468-59-5 C73H112N20O15S2
    Eblsp
    —— L-Leucinamide, D-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-D-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-leucyl- 91224-37-2 C75H108N20O13
    L-Leucinamide, D-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-D-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-
    —— (D-Bna(sup 6))-LHRH acetate 82318-00-1 C68H86BrN17O15
    (D-Bna(sup 6))-LHRH acetate
    —— LHRH, Tryptophan(7)- 70920-44-4 C60H74N18O13
    LHRH, Tryptophan(7)-
    —— 7-Phe-acth amide (1-10) 74873-14-6 C59H79N17O15S
    7-Phe-acth amide (1-10)
    —— H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2 127122-98-9 C57H85N21O15
    H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2
    —— H-DL-Pyr-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ser-DL-Tyr-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Trp-DL-Pro-Gly-NH2 55068-87-6 C60H73N15O13
    H-DL-Pyr-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ser-DL-Tyr-Gly-DL-Leu-DL-Trp-DL-Pro-Gly-NH2
    —— Drosulfakinin 1 117457-90-6 C56H73N15O16S
    Drosulfakinin 1
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-[3-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pentanediamide 140842-17-7 C70H105Cl2N19O16
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-[3-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pentanediamide
    —— Gpt-LHRH 68059-94-9 C67H84N16O13
    Gpt-LHRH
    —— Dynorphin B 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Dynorphin B
    —— Apttlsp 83374-71-4 C75H107N19O14
    Apttlsp
    —— Caerulein, 1-L-aspartic acid-2-L-arginine-5-L-methionine- 25842-57-3 C59H79N15O20S3
    Caerulein, 1-L-aspartic acid-2-L-arginine-5-L-methionine-
    —— LHRH, N-ac-(4-Cl-Phe)(1,2)-phe(3)-arg(6)-alanh2(10)- 85416-56-4 C67H90Cl2N16O14
    LHRH, N-ac-(4-Cl-Phe)(1,2)-phe(3)-arg(6)-alanh2(10)-
    —— H-DL-Pyr-DL-Leu-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Arg-DL-Arg-DL-Pro-DL-Tyr(3,5-diBr)-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-OH 112898-47-2 C78H119Br2N21O20
    H-DL-Pyr-DL-Leu-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Arg-DL-Arg-DL-Pro-DL-Tyr(3,5-diBr)-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-OH
    —— 1-Arg-5-Phe-7,9-Trp-11-Leu-substance P 96736-12-8 C79H109N19O12
    1-Arg-5-Phe-7,9-Trp-11-Leu-substance P
    —— Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1-12) 112160-96-0 C62H90N18O22
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1-12)
    —— Glycylglutaminylglutaminylhistidylhistidylleucylglycylglycylalanyllysylglutaminylalanylglycyl-alpha-aspartylvaline 80755-86-8 C62H99N23O21
    Glycylglutaminylglutaminylhistidylhistidylleucylglycylglycylalanyllysylglutaminylalanylglycyl-alpha-aspartylvaline
    —— LHRH, N-ac-ala(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-trp(3,6)- 81557-54-2 C67H85ClN16O13
    LHRH, N-ac-ala(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-trp(3,6)-
    —— Epitope 31D 122289-52-5 C75H132N26O19S2
    Epitope 31D
    —— Alytesin 31078-12-3 C68H106N22O17S
    Alytesin
    —— Ovuplant 70235-53-9 C66H86N18O13
    Ovuplant
    —— Atrial natriuretic factor (1-16) 94345-34-3 C71H122N28O20S
    Atrial natriuretic factor (1-16)
    —— Dafphedyn 111846-43-6 C76H124F5N25O14
    Dafphedyn
    —— His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ileu-Ala-Pro-Gly-Glu-Met-Arg-Glu-Pro-Arg-Gly 119400-71-4 C66H108N24O19S
    His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ileu-Ala-Pro-Gly-Glu-Met-Arg-Glu-Pro-Arg-Gly
    —— Aptaa-lhrh 83539-08-6 C69H91Cl2N17O14
    Aptaa-lhrh
    —— H-Pyr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Glu-Asn-Cys-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Gln-Pro-Cys-OH 99147-84-9 C62H89N17O25S2
    H-Pyr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Glu-Asn-Cys-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Gln-Pro-Cys-OH
    —— H-DL-His-DL-His-DL-Leu-Gly-Gly-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Gln-DL-Ala-Gly-DL-Asp-DL-Val-OH —— C50H80N18O16
    H-DL-His-DL-His-DL-Leu-Gly-Gly-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Gln-DL-Ala-Gly-DL-Asp-DL-Val-OH
    —— Unii-1464LJ22VI 57292-43-0 C60H81N15O13
    Unii-1464LJ22VI
    —— Ganirelix Acetate 129311-55-3 C84H121ClN18O17
    Ganirelix Acetate
    —— Polymyxin D1 10072-50-1 C50H93N15O15
    Polymyxin D1
    —— dodecapotassium;(2R,4S)-2-[(1R)-2-[[(5S)-5-amino-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-5-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]pentyl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxo-1-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate 61990-92-9 C264H350K12N48O61S12
    dodecapotassium;(2R,4S)-2-[(1R)-2-[[(5S)-5-amino-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-5-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]pentyl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-[[(2R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxylato-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]-2-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxo-1-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate
    —— Toxin d (Naja melanoleuca reduced) 37239-94-4 C276H440N90O93S9
    Toxin d (Naja melanoleuca reduced)