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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
    —— US11643403, Control substance —— C184H282N50O60S
    —— H-Ala-Gly-Cys(1)-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-His(1-Bn)-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys(1)-OH 1329089-91-9 C78H107N19O19S2
    —— H-Ala-Gly-Cys(1)-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-His(1-Bn)-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys(1)-OH 1329089-92-0 C78H107N19O19S2
    —— (2S)-2-[(2R)-2-[(2S)-2-{2-[(2S,3R)-2-[(2R)-2-[(2R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-3-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propanamido]-4-methylpentanamido]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido]propanamido]-3-hydroxybutanamido]acetamido}-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamido]-3-phenylpropanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanimidic acid 87096-84-2 C52H73N15O12S
    —— 4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid 71447-49-9 C55H77N17O14
    —— (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide 81608-30-2 C50H73N17O11S
    —— Prodynorphin 228-240 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    —— H-D-Arg-Pro-D-Asp-Phe-D-Cys(1)-D-Leu-Glu-D-Pro-Pro-D-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Lys-D-Ala-Arg-Ile-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Tyr-Phe-D-Tyr-Asn-D-Ala-Lys-D-Ala-Gly-D-Leu-D-Cys(3)-Gln-Thr-Phe-D-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-D-Cys(2)-Arg-D-Ala-Lys-Arg-D-Asn-Asn-D-Phe-Lys-D-Ser-Ala-D-Glu-Asp-D-Cys(3)-Met-D-Arg-Thr-Cys(1)-Gly-Gly-D-Ala-OH 9087-70-1 C284H432N84O79S7
    —— H-D-Pyr-DL-His-D-Trp-D-Ser-Tyr-Gly-DL-Leu-D-Arg-D-Pro-Gly-NH2.HCl —— C55H76ClN17O13
    —— Neuropeptide SF (human) 192387-39-6 C65H94N18O15
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(4R)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2R,3S)-1-[[(3R,6R,9R,12R,15R,18R,21R)-3-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclopentacos-21-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 22601-59-8 C66H103N17O16S
    —— (6R)-N-[(2R)-4-amino-1-[[(2R,3R)-1-[[(2R)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(6R,9R,12R,15R,18R,21R)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide 4135-11-9 C56H98N16O13
    —— (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid 124508-66-3 C87H98N18O19
    —— [[4-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamidopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]phenyl]-difluoromethyl]phosphonic acid 1351665-40-1 C36H54F2N11O16P
    —— 2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,16S,19S,24R,27S,30S,33S,40S)-40-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-24-carbamoyl-4,27-bis[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-16-(hydroxymethyl)-30-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-33-methyl-3,6,12,15,18,26,29,32,35,41-decaoxo-22,37-dithia-2,5,11,14,17,25,28,31,34,42-decazatricyclo[17.16.7.07,11]dotetracontan-13-yl]acetic acid 1333332-14-1 C54H82N20O15S2
    —— cyclo-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyl-Leu-Orn-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Orn-Val] 1313868-96-0 C73H125N17O16
    —— Galanin Receptor Ligand M35 —— C107H153N27O26
    —— ent-Bacitracin A (synthetic) —— C66H103N17O16S
    —— Einecs 287-114-6 94135-01-0 C62H83N13O22S2
    —— Caerulein, 4-desulfo-10-l-phenylalanine- 94135-02-1 C58H72N12O19S
    —— Statrol 51484-67-4 C78H146N22O34S2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid —— C126H197N37O32S2
    —— Depelestat 506433-25-6 C282H412N74O75S6
    —— N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide;sulfuric acid;5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 103172-75-4 C70H118N20O20S
    —— Caerulein, 4-desulfo-10-l-phenylalanine-, 10-methyl ester 94135-03-2 C59H74N12O19S
    —— D-4F peptide 595579-88-7 C114H156N24O28
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid —— C266H427N95O71S2
    —— Echistatin beta 118337-11-4 C218H343N71O74S8
    —— Forigerimod 497156-60-2 C117H181N34O32PS
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid —— C181H292N56O50S2
    —— H-Cys(1)-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg-OH.H-Cys(1)-Ser-Phe-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Glu-Leu-Ser-Leu-OH 898527-12-3 C118H196N44O33S2
    —— Defensin 68563-24-6 C167H257N47O46
    —— Natps-RH-29 93965-89-0 C157H252N44O43S
    —— TGF-Beta 122304-04-5 C211H345N61O62S
    —— Big endothelin 122462-75-3 C189H282N48O56S5
    —— Platelet factor 4 (59-70) 88145-47-5 C71H126N16O17
    —— kappa-Bungarotoxin (reduced) 65 88232-11-5 C297H468N88O96S10
    —— Ovacyst 108930-54-7 C59H79N17O15
    —— Robustoxin 91728-12-0 C206H313N59O59S9
    —— Urocortin III human —— C185H307N53O50S2
    —— Phoratoxin B (reduced) 46 86596-04-5 C204H324N64O63S6
    —— Neurotoxin II (Laticauda colubrina reduced) 88813-48-3 C285H451N97O96S8
    —— Urocortin 2 351999-18-3 C194H339N63O54S
    —— Neurotoxin c (Laticauda colubrina reduced) 88813-49-4 C287H456N98O95S8
    —— Neurotoxin OS 3 (Orthochirus scrobiculosus reduced) 92480-98-3 C301H456N90O94S8
    —— Neurotoxin d (Laticauda colubrina reduced) 88813-50-7 C287H456N98O94S8
    —— Buthus occitanus tunetanus neurotoxin III 87139-23-9 C311H457N91O96S8
    —— Toxin (Vibrio cholerae eltor cholera subunit A signal peptide) 93460-69-6 C111H159N19O23S
    —— Toxin II, entero-(Escherichia coli heat-stable reduced) 48 88025-44-9 C216H354N66O67S5
    —— Unii-YU54far97X 1160237-55-7 C119H186N34O34PS+