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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— O-W-M-I-F-H(1-Bzl)-NH2 1213773-08-0 C49H65N11O6S
    O-W-M-I-F-H(1-Bzl)-NH2
    —— WWEEINRAGMEWYQT 1203463-56-2 C92H123N23O26S
    WWEEINRAGMEWYQT
    —— Thr-Thr-Ala-Glu-Thr-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Arg 13463-36-0 C43H75N13O19
    Thr-Thr-Ala-Glu-Thr-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Arg
    —— LGEYGFQNALIVR 1285674-90-9 C68H106N18O19
    LGEYGFQNALIVR
    —— Ac-LYRCNMFSPGYS-NH2 1377320-96-1 C66H95N17O18S2
    Ac-LYRCNMFSPGYS-NH2
    —— 26973-56-8 C111H137N17O19
    —— 388633-59-8 C55H101N19O15S
    —— Hydrin 1 122842-47-1 C57H93N21O16S2
    Hydrin 1
    —— H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2 123583-37-9 C176H272N52O54
    H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2
    —— octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Ala-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH 1628113-81-4 C70H111N17O17
    octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Ala-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH
    —— WWCNDGR 62982-32-5 C41H53N13O11S
    WWCNDGR
    —— FPVGRVHR-(5,5,5,5',5',5'-2S-hexafluoroleucine)2-RK 1000854-33-0 C68H104F12N24O13
    FPVGRVHR-(5,5,5,5',5',5'-2S-hexafluoroleucine)2-RK
    —— SNNGLVAGFQSRYFE 1203463-57-3 C75H109N21O24
    SNNGLVAGFQSRYFE
    —— 1315576-93-2 C70H105N16O20PS2
    —— H2N-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Cys-CO-NH2 676362-60-0 C66H125N39O12S
    H2N-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Cys-CO-NH2
    —— octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Ala-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH 1628113-74-5 C73H115N17O19
    octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Ala-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH
    —— 4-<N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl(γ-benzyl)-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-aspartyl(β-benzyl)-L-lysyl(Nε-2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl)-L-tyrosyl(O-2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-L-alanyloxy>-6-mercaptodibenzofuran 101697-62-5 C91H100Cl3N9O19S
    4-<N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl(γ-benzyl)-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-aspartyl(β-benzyl)-L-lysyl(Nε-2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl)-L-tyrosyl(O-2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-L-alanyloxy>-6-mercaptodibenzofuran
    —— [9-[2-[4-[4-[[6-[[(2S)-3-(4-benzoylphenyl)-1-[[1-[(2S)-4-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]triazol-4-yl]methylamino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]phenyl]-6-(diethylamino)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium 1342259-55-5 C79H100N11O10S
    [9-[2-[4-[4-[[6-[[(2S)-3-(4-benzoylphenyl)-1-[[1-[(2S)-4-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]triazol-4-yl]methylamino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]phenyl]-6-(diethylamino)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium
    —— ((S)-5-acetimidamido-2-((S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanamido)pentanoyl)-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-leucine 1352843-02-7 C63H91N17O13
    ((S)-5-acetimidamido-2-((S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanamido)pentanoyl)-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-leucine
    —— octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Ala-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH 1628113-82-5 C70H109N17O19
    octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Ala-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH
    —— cyclo-N-<(S)-Prolyl-(S)-leucyl-(S)-valyl-2-(1-(R)-amino-3-cyano-prop-1-yl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl-2-(aminomethyl)thiazole-4-carbonyl> 91711-93-2 C29H38N8O5S2
    cyclo-N-<(S)-Prolyl-(S)-leucyl-(S)-valyl-2-(1-(R)-amino-3-cyano-prop-1-yl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl-2-(aminomethyl)thiazole-4-carbonyl>
    —— 1430800-77-3 C51H86N17O17
    —— CHC-His(BZL)-Tyr(BZL)-Ser(BZL)-NH-NH2 63638-25-5 C46H53N7O6
    CHC-His(BZL)-Tyr(BZL)-Ser(BZL)-NH-NH2
    —— HO-CH2CH2-CO-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Try-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Val-NH2 34955-39-0 C142H221N41O31
    HO-CH2CH2-CO-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Try-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Val-NH2
    —— KEGSDRQWNYA 1203463-54-0 C58H84N18O20
    KEGSDRQWNYA
    —— 1315576-92-1 C55H83N12O18PS2
    —— H-Tyr-Gly-Gln-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly-Gly-OH 124007-45-0 C36H55N9O13
    H-Tyr-Gly-Gln-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly-Gly-OH
    —— N-N-L-alanylglycyl-S-(1-methyl-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-S-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-L-cysteine 1616886-79-3 C85H110N20O23S2
    N-N-L-alanylglycyl-S-(1-methyl-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-S-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-L-cysteine
    —— A2-Binding peptide 119425-35-3 C61H106N14O15
    A2-Binding peptide
    —— Z-Aib-Asn(Trt)-Leu-Aib-Pro-Ser(t-Bu)-OH 671818-09-0 C57H73N7O11
    Z-Aib-Asn(Trt)-Leu-Aib-Pro-Ser(t-Bu)-OH
    —— 1045866-29-2 C42H75N17O14
    —— tBuO-Glu-His(Trt)-Phe-Arg-Try-Gly-Lys(Boc)-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys(Boc)-Val-Tyr-Pro-OtBu 23651-49-2 C163H244N36O32
    tBuO-Glu-His(Trt)-Phe-Arg-Try-Gly-Lys(Boc)-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys(Boc)-Val-Tyr-Pro-OtBu
    —— Cbz-Val-Aib-Aib-Aib-Aib-thionoGly-Aib-OMe 1539312-04-3 C36H57N7O9S
    Cbz-Val-Aib-Aib-Aib-Aib-thionoGly-Aib-OMe
    —— H-LYRAGD(SH)LYLAA-OH 1498316-40-7 C57H88N14O16S
    H-LYRAGD(SH)LYLAA-OH
    —— octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Ala-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH 1628113-80-3 C66H109N17O19
    octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Dab-D-Dab-Ala-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH
    —— H-Leu-Aib-Gly-Gly-Leu-Aib-Gly-Ile-Leu-OMe 176664-83-8 C39H71N9O10
    H-Leu-Aib-Gly-Gly-Leu-Aib-Gly-Ile-Leu-OMe
    —— pEHWSHDWK(H-CGFLG)PG-NH<sub>2</sub> 1416799-65-9 C81H105N23O19S
    pEHWSHDWK(H-CGFLG)PG-NH<sub>2</sub>
    —— LFTGHPETLEKFDK 557064-38-7 C77H116N18O23
    LFTGHPETLEKFDK
    —— Ac-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-Gly-Pro-Val-NH2 121062-05-3 C62H90N18O13
    Ac-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-Gly-Pro-Val-NH2
    —— 1421510-96-4 C73H135N35O15
    —— 1312793-68-2 C105H168N30O42
    —— Boc-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro-Ala-Phe-OMe 87892-69-1 C61H81N9O12
    Boc-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro-Ala-Phe-OMe
    —— octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Ala-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH 1628113-78-9 C71H110N16O19
    octyl-D-Val-D-Dab-Gly-D-Ser-D-Trp-Ser-Ala-D-Dab-Phe-Glu-Val-D-allo-Ile-Ala-OH
    —— Fmoc-CN(Man8GlcNAc2)ISR-NH2 1217510-65-0 C101H158N12O59S
    Fmoc-CN(Man8GlcNAc2)ISR-NH2
    —— GEREDLIAYLK 873676-23-4 C58H95N15O19
    GEREDLIAYLK
    —— Bacitracin J3 1301601-38-6 C67H103N17O16S
    Bacitracin J3
    —— H-Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2.2CH3CO2H 160296-12-8 C68H90N18O17
    H-Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2.2CH3CO2H
    —— Bpoc-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-OH 108867-74-9 C68H85N9O13
    Bpoc-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-OH
    —— Bacitracin J2 1301601-40-0 C67H103N17O16S
    Bacitracin J2
    —— Methyl ester-SP 76260-78-1 C63H97N17O14S
    Methyl ester-SP