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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— H-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ser-Phe-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-Asn-OH —— C47H74N12O16
    H-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ser-Phe-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-Asn-OH
    —— H-Pro-Arg-Val-Thr-Val-Ala-Gly-Gly-Val-His-OH —— C43H73N15O12
    H-Pro-Arg-Val-Thr-Val-Ala-Gly-Gly-Val-His-OH
    —— N-[4-amino-1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methylheptanamide;methanesulfonic acid —— C53H102N16O16S
    N-[4-amino-1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methylheptanamide;methanesulfonic acid
    —— H-Gln-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-OH —— C58H102N14O16S3
    H-Gln-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-OH
    —— H-Ile-Gln-Ser-Leu-Phe-Asn-Ile-Leu-Thr-Thr-OH —— C53H88N12O16
    H-Ile-Gln-Ser-Leu-Phe-Asn-Ile-Leu-Thr-Thr-OH
    —— H-Met-Ile-Gly-Gln-Phe-Gly-Val-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH —— C54H75N11O13S
    H-Met-Ile-Gly-Gln-Phe-Gly-Val-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH
    —— H-Ala-Leu-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ile-Glu-OH —— C54H81N11O14
    H-Ala-Leu-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ile-Glu-OH
    —— H-Gln-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro-Thr-Val-Met-Phe-Pro-OH —— C54H83N11O13S
    H-Gln-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro-Thr-Val-Met-Phe-Pro-OH
    —— H-Pro-Val-Leu-Ser-Lys-Thr-Val-Glu-Val-Thr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ser-OH —— C64H110N16O24
    H-Pro-Val-Leu-Ser-Lys-Thr-Val-Glu-Val-Thr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ser-OH
    —— H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-OH —— C35H61N13O13
    H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-OH
    —— H-Tyr-Gly-Asn-Ser-Pro-Lys-Gly-Phe-Ala-Tyr-OH —— C52H70N12O15
    H-Tyr-Gly-Asn-Ser-Pro-Lys-Gly-Phe-Ala-Tyr-OH
    —— H-Lys-Val-Tyr-Leu-Ser-Glu-Cys-Lys-Thr-Gly-OH —— C49H82N12O16S
    H-Lys-Val-Tyr-Leu-Ser-Glu-Cys-Lys-Thr-Gly-OH
    —— H-Gly-Gly-Phe-Asp-Glu-Lys-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gln-Leu-Gly-OH —— C51H79N15O19
    H-Gly-Gly-Phe-Asp-Glu-Lys-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gln-Leu-Gly-OH
    —— H-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-Gln-Ala-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-OH —— C40H59N11O15
    H-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-Gln-Ala-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-OH
    —— deamino-Arg-Ser-Phe-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr-Gly-Val-Gly-OH —— C55H89N15O21
    deamino-Arg-Ser-Phe-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr-Gly-Val-Gly-OH
    —— H-Cys-Gly-Thr-Gln-Ala-Arg-Gln-Gly-Asp-Pro-Ser-Thr-OH —— C46H77N17O20S
    H-Cys-Gly-Thr-Gln-Ala-Arg-Gln-Gly-Asp-Pro-Ser-Thr-OH
    —— H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH —— C56H90N18O16S3
    H-Arg-Trp-Cys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH
    —— (1S,6S,9S,15S,18S,21S,24S,25R,29S,32S,37S)-24-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-15-benzyl-32-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-25-methyl-21-(2-methylpropyl)-3,8,14,17,20,23,27,30,33,35,39,46-dodecaoxo-4,26-dioxa-7,13,16,19,22,31,34,36,40,45-decazatetracyclo[16.16.10.26,29.09,13]hexatetracont-40-ene-37-carboxylic acid —— C60H77N13O18
    (1S,6S,9S,15S,18S,21S,24S,25R,29S,32S,37S)-24-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-15-benzyl-32-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-25-methyl-21-(2-methylpropyl)-3,8,14,17,20,23,27,30,33,35,39,46-dodecaoxo-4,26-dioxa-7,13,16,19,22,31,34,36,40,45-decazatetracyclo[16.16.10.26,29.09,13]hexatetracont-40-ene-37-carboxylic acid
    —— Kinnipwseamm —— C63H100N16O18S2
    Kinnipwseamm
    —— NH2-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe-OH —— C66H109N21O16S
    NH2-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ala-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe-OH
    —— Karvlaevms —— C47H86N14O14S
    Karvlaevms
    —— Ac-Val-Ala-Ala-Leu-Asp(OtBu)(OtBu)-Ala-Asn(Trt)(Trt)-Gly-Ile-Ile-Val-OH —— C72H106N12O16
    Ac-Val-Ala-Ala-Leu-Asp(OtBu)(OtBu)-Ala-Asn(Trt)(Trt)-Gly-Ile-Ile-Val-OH
    —— Boc-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-OMe —— C69H102N12O15
    Boc-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-DL-Val-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-Aib-OMe
    —— H-DL-Arg-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-Pro-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-OH —— C72H124N22O21
    H-DL-Arg-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Arg-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Tyr-DL-Glu-DL-Pro-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-OH
    —— H-Lys-Val-Thr-His-Pro-His-Leu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asp-OH —— C62H102N20O16
    H-Lys-Val-Thr-His-Pro-His-Leu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asp-OH
    —— H-Tyr-Pro-Val-Lys-Leu-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Lys-Val-Lys-Leu-OH —— C85H142N18O17
    H-Tyr-Pro-Val-Lys-Leu-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Lys-Val-Lys-Leu-OH
    —— H-Gln-Leu-Arg-Arg-Pro-Ser-Asp-Arg-Glu-Leu-Ser-Glu-OH —— C60H104N22O22
    H-Gln-Leu-Arg-Arg-Pro-Ser-Asp-Arg-Glu-Leu-Ser-Glu-OH
    —— H-Leu-Lys-Cys-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Pro-Leu-Phe-Tyr-Lys-Thr-Cys-OH —— C79H130N18O18S2
    H-Leu-Lys-Cys-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Pro-Leu-Phe-Tyr-Lys-Thr-Cys-OH
    —— H-Cys-Gln-Leu-Val-Arg-Pro-Asp-Leu-Leu-Leu-Cys-Gln-OH —— C60H105N17O17S2
    H-Cys-Gln-Leu-Val-Arg-Pro-Asp-Leu-Leu-Leu-Cys-Gln-OH
    —— H-His-Thr-His-Thr-Asn-Asp-Ser-Pro-Asn-Gln-Ala-OH —— C48H72N18O20
    H-His-Thr-His-Thr-Asn-Asp-Ser-Pro-Asn-Gln-Ala-OH
    —— H-Arg-Val-Leu-Gln-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-OH —— C54H95N15O13
    H-Arg-Val-Leu-Gln-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ala-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Pro-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Pro-OH —— C74H136N22O17
    H-Ala-Ala-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Pro-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Pro-OH
    —— H-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gln-Val-Val-Cys-Asn-OH —— C54H92N14O15S
    H-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gln-Val-Val-Cys-Asn-OH
    —— H-Arg-Ala-1Nal-His-Thr-Thr-Gly-Arg-xiIle-D-Leu-OH —— C56H88N18O13
    H-Arg-Ala-1Nal-His-Thr-Thr-Gly-Arg-xiIle-D-Leu-OH
    —— H-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Phe-Phe-OH —— C64H86N12O13
    H-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Phe-Phe-OH
    —— H-Met-Thr-Ser-Asn-Pro-His-Leu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH —— C55H89N19O17S
    H-Met-Thr-Ser-Asn-Pro-His-Leu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH
    —— H-Gly-Pen-Gly-His-Arg-Gly-Asp-Leu-Arg-Cys-Ala-OH —— C45H77N19O14S2
    H-Gly-Pen-Gly-His-Arg-Gly-Asp-Leu-Arg-Cys-Ala-OH
    —— H-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Trp-Ser-Ser-Asp-Thr-Gly-His-OH —— C53H71N13O17
    H-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Trp-Ser-Ser-Asp-Thr-Gly-His-OH
    —— N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide —— C53H100N16O13
    N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide
    —— H-Val-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Asn-Pro-Ser-Asn-OH —— C46H82N14O14
    H-Val-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Asn-Pro-Ser-Asn-OH
    —— Ranatachykinin C 135690-49-2 C49H76N14O12S
    Ranatachykinin C
    —— 4N1K peptide —— C68H105N17O12S
    4N1K peptide
    —— H-Phe-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Phe-Lys-Val-Ala-Ser-Lys-Val-Leu-OH —— C69H113N15O15
    H-Phe-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Phe-Lys-Val-Ala-Ser-Lys-Val-Leu-OH
    —— H-Cys-Arg-Ala-Ser-Met-Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp-Pro-Ala-Glu-His-NH2 —— C54H87N19O21S3
    H-Cys-Arg-Ala-Ser-Met-Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp-Pro-Ala-Glu-His-NH2
    —— H-Ala-Cys-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Phe-Val-Lys-Ile-Leu-Asn-Ser-OH —— C59H99N15O16S
    H-Ala-Cys-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Phe-Val-Lys-Ile-Leu-Asn-Ser-OH
    —— H-Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys-Val-Ser-Gly-Cys-Ala-Gly-Arg-Cys-OH —— C45H80N20O16S4
    H-Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys-Val-Ser-Gly-Cys-Ala-Gly-Arg-Cys-OH
    —— H-Val-Val-Asn-Lys-Ile-Arg-Gly-Thr-Phe-Lys-Ser-OH —— C56H97N17O15
    H-Val-Val-Asn-Lys-Ile-Arg-Gly-Thr-Phe-Lys-Ser-OH
    —— H-Met-Arg-Thr-Gln-Met-Gln-Gln-Met-His-Gly-Arg-Met-OH —— C59H103N23O17S4
    H-Met-Arg-Thr-Gln-Met-Gln-Gln-Met-His-Gly-Arg-Met-OH
    —— H-Leu-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-Ser-Gln-Lys-OH —— C73H130N18O20S3
    H-Leu-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-Ser-Gln-Lys-OH
    —— H-Glu-Ala-Leu-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala-Gln-Ala-Pro-Ala-Thr-Glu-Glu-OH —— C56H91N15O23
    H-Glu-Ala-Leu-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala-Gln-Ala-Pro-Ala-Thr-Glu-Glu-OH