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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— CssII[Cys12-Tyr24]-NHNH2 1334711-70-4 C67H104N18O22S2
    CssII[Cys12-Tyr24]-NHNH2
    —— 1373122-32-7 C65H107N20O20S
    —— 43021-15-4 C56H81N17O12
    —— Z-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Ala-Tyr-Ile-Pro-Lys(Boc)-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Gln-Lys(Boc)-Tyr-Ser-Phe-OBu<sup>t</sup> 79432-38-5 C101H149N15O27
    Z-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Ala-Tyr-Ile-Pro-Lys(Boc)-Glu(OBu<sup>t</sup>)-Gln-Lys(Boc)-Tyr-Ser-Phe-OBu<sup>t</sup>
    —— Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2 400716-78-1 C104H146N24O23S
    Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2
    —— 1189372-30-2 C56H95N15O16S
    —— N1-Arginylviomycin 60406-33-9 C31H55N17O11
    N1-Arginylviomycin
    —— 51988-43-3 C77H94N16O16S
    —— 1431847-60-7 C75H123N23O20S2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-05-5 C68H103N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-His-Pro-Asp-OH 1426560-18-0 C64H104N20O19S2
    H-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Ile-Cys(1)-His-Pro-Asp-OH
    —— Bpoc-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe(I)-Thr(t-Bu)-Ser(t-Bu)-D-Cys(Trt)-O-t-Bu 108867-75-0 C118H148IN13O19S
    Bpoc-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-Trp-Lys(Boc)-Thr(t-Bu)-Phe(I)-Thr(t-Bu)-Ser(t-Bu)-D-Cys(Trt)-O-t-Bu
    —— Insulin, desoctapeptide- 39416-70-1 C209H320N56O66S6
    Insulin, desoctapeptide-
    —— 1430088-87-1 C56H71F8N15O14S3
    —— 42808-48-0 C76H93N17O15S
    —— Oc-Aib-Pro-Phe-Aib-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Aib-Etn-Glu(OMe)-Ala-Lol 610784-46-8 C68H111N11O18
    Oc-Aib-Pro-Phe-Aib-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Aib-Etn-Glu(OMe)-Ala-Lol
    —— Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Arg Tyr Val Glu 233280-54-1 C53H89N21O13
    Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Arg Tyr Val Glu
    —— H-GIGDPVTCLKSGAI-COSH 1071608-68-8 C57H99N15O18S2
    H-GIGDPVTCLKSGAI-COSH
    —— 1609644-03-2 C66H95N17O18
    —— 51988-45-5 C77H95N17O15S
    —— Boc-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Lys(Z)-Leu-Nle-Tyr(Bzl)-Lys(Z)-Gly 40162-87-6 C79H108N10O17
    Boc-Thr(Bzl)-Val-Lys(Z)-Leu-Nle-Tyr(Bzl)-Lys(Z)-Gly
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]methyl]-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-01-1 C67H104N22O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]methyl]-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[2-[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]ethyl]-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-02-2 C68H106N22O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[2-[4-(aminomethyl)triazol-1-yl]ethyl]-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— 58718-80-2 C144H202N28O36S3
    —— 58704-47-5 C141H196N28O36S3
    —— 1360545-15-8 C48H76N13O11S3
    —— 1383382-75-9 C76H117N16O28PS
    —— Boc-D-Phe-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-Pro-OSu 97475-38-2 C85H117N13O19
    Boc-D-Phe-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn(Z)-Leu-Pro-OSu
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-9-[2-(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-08-8 C73H107N21O19S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-9-[2-(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— Suc-Tyr(OSO3H)-Glu-Pro-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Ala-Cha-D-Glu-OH 131791-94-1 C61H86N10O25S
    Suc-Tyr(OSO3H)-Glu-Pro-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Ala-Cha-D-Glu-OH
    —— 1383382-55-5 C47H80N13O20PS
    —— 1258442-39-5 C168H238N16O21S
    —— H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-DL-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Glu-Gly-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-NH2 108153-74-8 C130H220N44O40
    H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-DL-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Glu-Gly-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-NH2
    —— 53412-55-8 C52H69N17O14
    —— Lys-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala 53334-08-0 C85H135N25O33S
    Lys-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala
    —— Z(OMe)-Glu(OCH2Ph)-His-Phe-Arg(Tos)-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys(Z)-Asp(OCH2Ph)2 55445-43-7 C107H124N18O24S
    Z(OMe)-Glu(OCH2Ph)-His-Phe-Arg(Tos)-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys(Z)-Asp(OCH2Ph)2
    —— 1384071-34-4 C66H106N20O18S2
    —— 1370726-95-6 C84H113F3N20O21
    —— <D-Trp<sup>7,8,9</sup>>-SP-OMe 101810-11-1 C77H108N20O14S
    <D-Trp<sup>7,8,9</sup>>-SP-OMe
    —— Val-His-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Glu-Lys-Glu-Ala 34027-27-5 C47H77N13O18
    Val-His-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Glu-Lys-Glu-Ala
    —— 52049-40-8 C83H98N16O16S
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-29-[2-(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-12-4 C68H103N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-29-[2-(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— Ac-Cys<*>-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Cys-D-Phe-Pro-OEt<*>2AcOH 132400-87-4 2C2H4O2*C59H88N12O12S2
    Ac-Cys<*>-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Cys-D-Phe-Pro-OEt<*>2AcOH
    —— 1550147-65-3 C45H60N10O17S
    —— H2N-GNQWAVGHLC-CONH2 883749-73-3 C47H70N16O12S
    H2N-GNQWAVGHLC-CONH2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-9-[2-(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-04-4 C68H103N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-29-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-9-[2-(4-carboxytriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid
    —— Lys-Glu-Thr-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala 53334-07-9 C88H142N26O33S
    Lys-Glu-Thr-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Glu-Orn-Glu(NH2)-His-Met-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala
    —— 1550148-44-1 C55H81N13O17S
    —— 951443-30-4 C69H103N19O22
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-29-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid 1426560-78-2 C69H105N21O21S2
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(3S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,26R,29S,32S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-15-(4-aminobutyl)-9-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(hydroxymethyl)-29-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyltriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2,8,11,14,17,20,28,31-octaoxo-23,24-dithia-1,7,10,13,16,19,27,30-octazatricyclo[30.3.0.03,7]pentatriacontane-26-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid