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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
    —— Peptide I 141039-76-1 C69H114N18O22S
    —— Toxin, entero-(Escherichia coli strain SK-1 heat-stable reduced) 19 85456-43-5 C79H118N22O30S6
    —— BKT140 664334-36-5 C97H144FN33O19S2
    —— 8-Norleucine ceruletide 65864-30-4 C59H75N13O21S
    —— Insulin lispro (5.97 MG) —— C257H389N65O77S6
    —— gamma-Preprotachykinin amide (72-92) 114882-65-4 C99H158N34O29S
    —— Phlhrh (14-36), ala(17)- 130888-39-0 C111H177N27O43
    —— LHRH, N-Ac-3(2-Naphthyl)ala(1)-phe(2,3)-arg(6)-phe(7)-alanh2(10)- 110014-25-0 C74H93N15O13
    —— 5-Deasparagine-somatostatin 54786-81-1 C72H98N16O17S2
    —— Locustapyrokinin 132293-87-9 C85H121N23O26
    —— Semparatide acetate 188106-30-1 C177H306N56O54
    —— Cpd-II 152846-72-5 C56H73N15O14
    —— L-Threonyl-L-arginyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-tyrosyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alanyl-L-seryl-L-methionine 122560-16-1 C77H121N19O24S
    —— Thymosin beta4 77591-33-4 C212H350N56O78S
    —— Ostabolin 173833-08-4 C162H270N50O46S2
    —— alpha-Corticotropin releasing factor 96118-75-1 C165H282N44O56S2
    —— Antarelix —— C74H100ClN15O14
    —— N-[6-[[1-[[1-[2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-[[2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[2-[[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-[(5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]-N'-[3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]pentanediamide 149665-71-4 C91H117N19O26
    —— (4S)-5-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[2-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid —— C98H171N33O35
    —— Cachr ligand 114753-46-7 C82H112N22O18
    —— Trichosporin B-iiic 121689-07-4 C90H149N23O24
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-5-[(2S,3S)-1-[(2S)-1-[5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-1-[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-hydroxy-3-iminopropyl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl]imino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid —— C67H92N18O23
    —— Triakontatetraneuropeptide 120667-90-5 C172H268N44O56S
    —— Lysyl-phenylalanyl-histidyl-glutamyl-lysyl-histidyl-histidyl-seryl-histidyl-arginyl-glycyl-tyrosine 127637-03-0 C70H99N25O17
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid —— C123H193N35O37
    —— L-Seryl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-histidyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-isoleucyl-L-histidyl-L-threonyl-L-alaninamide 129476-28-4 C117H186N38O28
    —— Pki (6-24), D-arginyl(18)-aspartic acid (24)-cyclohexyl ester- 136058-51-0 C97H153N31O29
    —— Metalloselenonein 134646-22-3 C75H117N28O37Se7
    —— Peptide S 42 57997-72-5 C138H181N33O30
    —— N-Acetyl-cholera toxin peptide 3-amide 132177-90-3 C71H118N22O24
    —— AC-6-(4-Cl-Phe)-8-trp-somatostatin (3-14) 135048-17-8 C73H97ClN16O18S2
    —— Magainin H 122564-51-6 C116H185N31O28S
    —— Vishnu 135154-02-8 C103H179N31O26S2
    —— Leucine-enkephalin, arg-arg-val-gly-arg-pro-glu-trp-trp-met-asp-tyr-gly- 76622-26-9 C130H184N38O31S2
    —— Bovine ribonuclease peptide (41-61) 133080-20-3 C100H162N28O32S
    —— Thymopoietin III 79103-34-7 C255H416N66O77
    —— Hirudin (53-64), rgd- 135546-62-2 C96H134N24O35
    —— Datfp-A 83437-30-3 C72H105N19O28
    —— (2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutylidene]amino]-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]butanedioic acid —— C81H104N20O24
    —— (Tyr43)-pth (43-68) (human) 92952-95-9 C126H208N42O43
    —— Hirudin (53-64) 135546-61-1 C68H96N14O26
    —— L-Histidyl-L-leucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-seryl-L-methionyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-leucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-valyl-L-histidyl-L-asparaginyl-L-tyrosinamide 129476-27-3 C119H188N38O32S
    —— (4S)-4-amino-5-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[N-[(2R)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S,3S)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2R)-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[N-[(2S)-1-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]imino-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-4-imino-1-oxobutan-2-yl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-1,4-dihydroxy-4-iminobutan-2-yl]imino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]imino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid —— C217H349N71O74S9
    —— (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]oxy-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 64717-18-6 C97H150N28O32
    —— beta-Melanotropin (pig), 2-l-serine- 17206-74-5 C96H136N26O28S
    —— H-DL-His-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Phe-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Asn-DL-Tyr-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Trp-DL-Ser-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-OH 133531-91-6 C85H110N20O23
    —— Heplisav 104504-34-9 C135H199N39O38S
    —— Benzoylbenzoyl-troponin I inhibitory peptide (104-115) 154099-03-3 C82H129N27O14
    —— Somatostatin, azidonitrobenzoyl-lys(4)-iodo-tyr(11)- 130772-40-6 C83H106N22O23S2
    —— Glicentin (1-16) 104504-00-9 C78H127N25O27