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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N,N'-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]heptanediamide —— C21H24N4O4
    N,N'-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]heptanediamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-[4-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C19H19N3O5
    N-[(E)-1-[4-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— Diphenyltin(2+);(2-hydroxyphenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)azanidylethyl]azanide —— C26H24N2O2Sn
    Diphenyltin(2+);(2-hydroxyphenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)azanidylethyl]azanide
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]phenol —— C9H11NO3
    2-methoxy-5-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-[4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)butylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C17H25N3O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-[4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)butylamino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C17H24N4O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C17H24N4O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— (3E)-3-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hydrazinylidene]pyridine-2,6-dione —— C11H9N3O4
    (3E)-3-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hydrazinylidene]pyridine-2,6-dione
    —— Aminocarbonic acid, [[2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy]phenylmethylene]-hydrazide —— C9H10FN3O3
    Aminocarbonic acid, [[2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy]phenylmethylene]-hydrazide
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-propyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H22F3NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-propyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-propyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H22F3NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-propyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-{[(E)-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile —— C16H11Br3N2OS
    2-{[(E)-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C15H11BrClN3O5
    2-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C15H11Cl2N3O5
    2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylacetohydrazide —— C15H13N3O5
    2-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylacetohydrazide
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(E)-(2-{4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}hydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol —— C24H22N8O5
    2-methoxy-5-[(E)-(2-{4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}hydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— (2E,5Z)-2-[(2E)-(4-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11Cl2N3O2S
    (2E,5Z)-2-[(2E)-(4-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C19H21N3O5
    2-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— (Z)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C16H15N3O2
    (Z)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 6-bromo-3-[(E)-[(4,6-dianilino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C23H20BrN7O2
    6-bromo-3-[(E)-[(4,6-dianilino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[(E)-[(8-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C17H13N7O3
    3-[(E)-[(8-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 6-Methyl-nicotinic acid (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide —— C15H15N3O3
    6-Methyl-nicotinic acid (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde [4,6-di(1-piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone —— C21H29N7O2
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde [4,6-di(1-piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone
    —— 5-[(E)-1-chloro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide —— C19H15ClFN3O3S
    5-[(E)-1-chloro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide
    —— 5-[(E)-1-chloro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide —— C20H18ClN3O3S
    5-[(E)-1-chloro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide
    —— 4-acetyl-3-ethyl-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O4
    4-acetyl-3-ethyl-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide
    —— (E)-N’-(3‑hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-2-carbohydrazide 350046-93-4 C17H16N2O5
    (E)-N’-(3‑hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 4-acetyl-3-ethyl-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O4
    4-acetyl-3-ethyl-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbohydrazide —— C17H16N2O2
    N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide —— C16H13N3O6
    N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide
    —— 3-[(E)-2H-tetrazol-5-yliminomethyl]phenol —— C8H7N5O
    3-[(E)-2H-tetrazol-5-yliminomethyl]phenol
    —— N'',N'''-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]carbonic dihydrazide —— C15H14N4O3
    N'',N'''-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]carbonic dihydrazide
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2Z,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H11ClN2O2S
    (Z)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2Z,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2E,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14ClNO5S
    (2E,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2E,5E)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14ClNO5S
    (2Z,5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5Z)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2E,5Z)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5Z)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO5S
    (2E,5Z)-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14ClNO5S
    (2E,5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— butyl N'-[(E)-benzylideneamino]carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C18H20N6O7S
    butyl N'-[(E)-benzylideneamino]carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-[(2E)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one —— C12H13N5O3
    5-[(2E)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one
    —— 5-[(E)-[(4,5-diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C23H19N3O2S
    5-[(E)-[(4,5-diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-[(1E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methoxycarbohydrazide —— C10H12N2O3
    N'-[(1E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methoxycarbohydrazide
    —— 4-[(3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)-2-[(1E)-1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl]butyl]phenol —— C12H16N2O3
    4-[(3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)-2-[(1E)-1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl]butyl]phenol
    —— 2-(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C17H17N3O5
    2-(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide —— C16H15N3O5
    N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide