摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C15H12ClN3O5
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C17H17N3O5
    2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide —— C16H15N3O5
    N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylidene]propanehydrazide —— C16H17N3O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 2-[[(2E)-2-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-oxoniumylidenemethyl]phenolate;palladium;hydrate —— C15H17N2O5Pd+
    2-[[(2E)-2-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-oxoniumylidenemethyl]phenolate;palladium;hydrate
    —— (7Z)-7-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-8-oxonaphthalene-1,6-disulfonic acid —— C16H10N4O12S2
    (7Z)-7-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-8-oxonaphthalene-1,6-disulfonic acid
    —— copper;sodium;4-[(2E)-2-[4-[(3,5-dinitro-2-oxidophenyl)diazenyl]-5-oxido-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate —— C18H9CuN6NaO10S
    copper;sodium;4-[(2E)-2-[4-[(3,5-dinitro-2-oxidophenyl)diazenyl]-5-oxido-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate
    —— sodium;2-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-[(2Z)-2-(2-oxodibenzofuran-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate —— C18H10N3NaO8S
    sodium;2-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-[(2Z)-2-(2-oxodibenzofuran-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate
    —— (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H10N4O6
    (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— dipotassium;3-[(2E)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-5-nitro-2-oxidobenzenesulfonate —— C16H15K2N3O7S
    dipotassium;3-[(2E)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-5-nitro-2-oxidobenzenesulfonate
    —— N-[3-[2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]acetamide —— C14H11N5O7
    N-[3-[2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]acetamide
    —— (2Z,5Z)-3-allyl-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylimino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)methylene]thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H17N3O3S2
    (2Z,5Z)-3-allyl-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylimino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)methylene]thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate —— C7H8O3S*C9H12N4O3
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid benzylidenehydrazide —— C14H11N3O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid benzylidenehydrazide
    —— 1-hydroxy-2-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine —— C9H12N4O3
    1-hydroxy-2-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine
    —— N-[(E)-2-furylmethyleneamino]-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide —— C12H9N3O5
    N-[(E)-2-furylmethyleneamino]-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide
    —— 2-[(E)-(2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine —— C9H11ClN4O3
    2-[(E)-(2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine
    —— 2-[(E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylideneamino]guanidine —— C11H16N4O
    2-[(E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylideneamino]guanidine
    —— (3E)-5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid —— C25H20N6O12S2
    (3E)-5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
    —— Purealidin N —— C15H16Br2N4O4
    Purealidin N
    —— methyl (2Z)-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoate —— C11H11Br2NO5
    methyl (2Z)-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-3-[(E)-(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)amino]imidazol-4-one —— C26H27N3O3
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-3-[(E)-(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)amino]imidazol-4-one
    —— (2Z)-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-N-prop-2-enylpropanamide —— C13H14Br2N2O4
    (2Z)-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-N-prop-2-enylpropanamide
    —— (2E)-5-(anilinomethylidene)-2-[[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]-3-ethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H19N5O3S2
    (2E)-5-(anilinomethylidene)-2-[[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]-3-ethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)methyleneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide —— C15H15N3O4
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)methyleneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— copper;2-hydroxy-6-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]phenolate —— C14H12CuN2O6
    copper;2-hydroxy-6-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]phenolate
    —— 4-[(2R)-3-amino-2-methylsulfonylpropyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C10H15NO4S
    4-[(2R)-3-amino-2-methylsulfonylpropyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3,4,5-triethoxy-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C21H26N2O6
    3,4,5-triethoxy-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 4-[(2S)-3-amino-2-methylsulfonylpropyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C10H15NO4S
    4-[(2S)-3-amino-2-methylsulfonylpropyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[[5-[(3S)-3-aminobutyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol —— C14H19N3O
    4-[[5-[(3S)-3-aminobutyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[5-[(3R)-3-aminobutyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol —— C14H19N3O
    4-[[5-[(3R)-3-aminobutyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-(1-adamantyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide —— C22H26N4O3
    3-(1-adamantyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide
    —— 2-[[4-[(2E)-2-[(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-4-nitrophenol —— C21H23ClN8O3
    2-[[4-[(2E)-2-[(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-cyano-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C11H11N3O3
    2-cyano-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C9H7F3N2O2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 5-Methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-5-iodo-4-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide —— C13H13IN4O3
    5-Methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-5-iodo-4-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylidene]propanehydrazide —— C15H16N2O4
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide —— C10H12N2O4
    2-hydroxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanoate —— C12H13N3O6
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanoate
    —— N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolecarbohydrazide —— C18H15N3O3
    N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolecarbohydrazide
    —— 3-[[(E)-furan-2-ylmethylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C12H10N2O2
    3-[[(E)-furan-2-ylmethylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C15H14N4O2S
    1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 6-tert-butyl-8-{[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-one —— C16H18N6O3
    6-tert-butyl-8-{[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-one
    —— N'-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanecarbohydrazide 468758-74-9 C14H18N2O2
    N'-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanecarbohydrazide
    —— 2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C18H21N3O3
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 4-cyano-2-fluoro-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C16H12FN3O3
    4-cyano-2-fluoro-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C18H20N2O4
    2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— (3S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide —— C17H16N2O5
    (3S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide
    —— Sebacic acid bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidenehydrazide) —— C26H34N4O6
    Sebacic acid bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidenehydrazide)
    —— N-[(E)-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide —— C18H20N2O5
    N-[(E)-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide