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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-1-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C14H16N4O4
    2-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-1-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-1-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C14H16N4O4
    2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-1-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-[(1S)-1-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-nitrobenzamide —— C15H17N3O4S
    N-[(1S)-1-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 1-[4-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(2-oxopropyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propan-2-one —— C16H18N4O4
    1-[4-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(2-oxopropyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propan-2-one
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexanamide —— C14H20N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexanamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-(3-methyl-1-phenylbutylidene)amino]benzamide —— C18H20N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-(3-methyl-1-phenylbutylidene)amino]benzamide
    —— 1-[(3S)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone —— C18H18N2O3
    1-[(3S)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(3S)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylsulfonyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C18H20N2O4S
    2-methoxy-5-[(3S)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylsulfonyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(3R)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylsulfonyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C18H20N2O4S
    2-methoxy-5-[(3R)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylsulfonyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 1-[(3R)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone —— C18H18N2O3
    1-[(3R)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid (4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-hydrazide —— C16H16N4O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid (4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-hydrazide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H14N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide —— C12H10N2O4S
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N'-{(E)-[1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene}-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzohydrazide —— C24H19ClN4O4
    N'-{(E)-[1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene}-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzohydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-[(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzamide —— C21H21BrN4O3
    N-[(E)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-[(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzamide
    —— 2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C14H15BrN4O2
    2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C14H10BrFN2O4
    N'-[(E)-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-[(E)-but-2-enylidene]amino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C11H12N2O4
    N-[(E)-[(E)-but-2-enylidene]amino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(1S)-1-(pent-3-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C13H16BrNO
    4-bromo-2-[(1S)-1-(pent-3-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(1R)-1-(pent-3-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C13H16BrNO
    4-bromo-2-[(1R)-1-(pent-3-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-furohydrazide —— C13H12N2O4
    N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-furohydrazide
    —— 2-N,4-N-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxamide —— C24H25N5O6
    2-N,4-N-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4-dimethylbenzamide —— C17H18N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4-dimethylbenzamide
    —— N'-{(E)-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methylidene}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanehydrazide —— C24H24N2O5
    N'-{(E)-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methylidene}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanehydrazide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-3-phenylpropylideneamino]benzamide —— C16H16N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-3-phenylpropylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-[(4S)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C16H18N4O4
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-[(4S)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-[(4R)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C16H18N4O4
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-[(4R)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-[(1S)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propyl]-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C15H17N3O5
    N-[(1S)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propyl]-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— [(2S)-2-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone —— C15H14N2O5
    [(2S)-2-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]octanehydrazide —— C15H22N2O2
    N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]octanehydrazide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-1-phenylethylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H14N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-1-phenylethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propyl]-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C15H17N3O5
    N-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propyl]-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— [(1S,6R)-3-ethyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-9-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone —— C16H21N3O4
    [(1S,6R)-3-ethyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-9-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— [(2R)-2-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone —— C15H14N2O5
    [(2R)-2-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]benzamide —— C16H17N3O4
    N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]benzamide
    —— N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]benzamide —— C16H17N3O4
    N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]benzamide
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[(2S)-2-pyridin-4-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone —— C16H15N3O4
    (2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[(2S)-2-pyridin-4-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone
    —— N-[(E)-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C15H13BrN2O5
    N-[(E)-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]octanamide —— C16H24N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]octanamide
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[(2R)-2-pyridin-4-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone —— C16H15N3O4
    (2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[(2R)-2-pyridin-4-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone
    —— 6-tert-butyl-8-{[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-one —— C15H16N6O2
    6-tert-butyl-8-{[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-one
    —— N-[(E)-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C18H21N3O4
    N-[(E)-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-cyclopropylethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C12H14N2O4
    N-[(E)-1-cyclopropylethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide —— C20H24N2O5
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[(E)-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methylamino]butyl]phenol —— C14H20N4O
    4-[(3S)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methylamino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(3R)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methylamino]butyl]phenol —— C14H20N4O
    4-[(3R)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methylamino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]thian-4-ol —— C16H25NO2S
    4-[[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]thian-4-ol
    —— 4-[(3R)-3-[[(1S,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C16H25NO2
    4-[(3R)-3-[[(1S,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]thian-4-ol —— C16H25NO2S
    4-[[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]thian-4-ol
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C16H25NO2
    4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino]butyl]phenol