摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C13H13NO4S
    (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO2S2
    (5Z)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid —— C18H21NO6S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-pentyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H19NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-pentyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C11H8ClNO3S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2E,5Z)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10BrClN2O2S
    (2E,5Z)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylidene)-7,10-dihydro-5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-9(6H)-one —— C27H17FN4O6S
    (Z)-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylidene)-7,10-dihydro-5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-9(6H)-one
    —— 4-[(3S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]phenol —— C10H11N3O2
    4-[(3S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]phenol —— C10H11N3O2
    4-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(Z)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H13N3O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(Z)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl (2S,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C16H14O7
    methyl (2S,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2S,3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C17H16O7
    methyl (2S,3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2S,3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C17H16O7
    methyl (2S,3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C20H19NO7
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— methyl (2R,3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C17H16O7
    methyl (2R,3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2S,3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C16H14O7
    methyl (2S,3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C17H16O7
    methyl (2R,3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C16H14O7
    methyl (2R,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate —— C16H14O7
    methyl (2R,3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C15H17N3O3S
    (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C20H25N3O4S
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— methyl (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C20H25N3O4S
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O5
    (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O4
    (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C16H19N3O4S
    (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4E)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10Cl2N2O3
    (4E)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O5
    (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O4
    (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C16H19N3O4S
    (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C15H17N3O3S
    (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    4-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    3-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— Methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylate —— C21H21N3O5
    Methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    2-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    4-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    3-[(1S)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol —— C9H9NO
    2-[(1R)-1-aminoprop-2-ynyl]phenol
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2R,3S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O6
    (2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O6
    (2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O6
    (2S,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O6
    (2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2R,3R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2S,3R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2S,3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid