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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3Z)-3-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-indol-2-one —— C21H22N2O6
    (3Z)-3-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-indol-2-one
    —— 7-tert-butyl-N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide —— C20H21N3O6
    7-tert-butyl-N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide
    —— (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one —— C15H10N2O4S
    (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C28H28N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H17NO4S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (6E)-4-chloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C14H12ClNO2
    (6E)-4-chloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— [Anilino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;chloroplatinum(1+) —— C15H16ClN3O2PtS+2
    [Anilino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;chloroplatinum(1+)
    —— (2E,5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(3-bromophenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12Br2N2O3S
    (2E,5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(3-bromophenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H20N2O5S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (3E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C16H13NO3
    (3E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— 1,3-Diethyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C15H15N3O5S
    1,3-Diethyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 5-((<i>Z</i>)-3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one —— C16H12N2O2
    5-((<i>Z</i>)-3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide —— C24H24N2O5
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C17H12BrClN2O3
    (4Z)-4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C13H13N3O4S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide —— C20H24N2O5
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1Z)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide —— C15H13N3O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1Z)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide
    —— propan-2-yl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-5-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25BrN2O5S2
    propan-2-yl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-5-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12ClNO3S2
    (5Z)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C17H20N2O4S
    2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)acetamide —— C13H14N4O2
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)acetamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H18N2O2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C17H17N3O5
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(4-Ethylpiperazino)-5-[(E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C17H21N3O3S
    2-(4-Ethylpiperazino)-5-[(E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C10H10BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— (2Z,5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19BrN2O4S
    (2Z,5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C12H11NO4S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C22H21NO5S
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H11N3O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C11H7N3O5S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— methyl (1Z)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanehydrazonate —— C9H12N2O3
    methyl (1Z)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanehydrazonate
    —— (NE)-N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]thiophene-2-sulfonamide —— C18H16N2O5S3
    (NE)-N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
    —— (3Z)-2-amino-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile —— C14H9ClN4O2
    (3Z)-2-amino-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 2-hydroxy-N'-[(Z)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5-dinitrobenzohydrazide —— C15H12N4O7
    2-hydroxy-N'-[(Z)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5-dinitrobenzohydrazide
    —— 3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)- —— C19H15N3O6S2
    3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)-
    —— (6Z)-4-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C17H19N3O4
    (6Z)-4-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-[(Z)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide —— C14H9ClN4O6
    N-[(Z)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-[(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]triazole-4-carboxamide —— C20H25N9O4
    1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-[(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]triazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-((5-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)methylene)malonamide —— C14H11N3O4S2
    2-((5-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)methylene)malonamide
    —— N'-[(Z)-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzohydrazide —— C14H9ClN4O6
    N'-[(Z)-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzohydrazide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H11NO4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-[(5-acetyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H16N4O4S2
    (2Z,5E)-2-[(5-acetyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N'-[(Z)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C16H16N2O6
    N'-[(Z)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— 2-bromo-4-(6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-6-methoxyphenol —— C21H16BrN3O2
    2-bromo-4-(6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C11H8N2O5
    (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (E)-3-[5-[(R)-amino-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid —— C12H10FN3O4
    (E)-3-[5-[(R)-amino-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid
    —— N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbohydrazide —— C15H11N3O6
    N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbohydrazide
    —— 5-(6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H17N3O2
    5-(6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2E)-1-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one —— C18H19NO2
    (2E)-1-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(1-adamantyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C20H26N2O3
    2-(1-adamantyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide