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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H10O5
    (2S,3S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H9ClO5
    (2S,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H9ClO5
    (2S,3R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H9ClO5
    (2R,3R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H9ClO5
    (2R,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate —— C17H20N2O6
    methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C11H11NOS
    4,5-Dimethyl-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C10H8BrNOS
    4-Bromo-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C9H6FNOS
    4-Fluoro-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C10H8FNOS
    4-Fluoro-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C12H13NOS
    4,5-Dimethyl-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C9H6BrNOS
    4-Bromo-2-(thiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol —— C10H8ClNOS
    4-Chloro-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-3-yl-propionyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C34H37N3O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-3-yl-propionyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5E,8E,11E,14E)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide —— C28H41NO3
    (5E,8E,11E,14E)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
    —— 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11NO3S2
    5-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)acetamide —— C14H11BrN2O4
    2-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)acetamide
    —— 3,5-Bis(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one —— C20H17N3O7
    3,5-Bis(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— 1-Ethyl-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one —— C21H19N3O7
    1-Ethyl-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5Z)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylimino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H17N3O3S2
    (2E,5Z)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylimino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[(1S,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C16H24N2O2S
    3-[(1S,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 3-[(1R,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C16H24N2O2S
    3-[(1R,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 3-[(1R,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C16H24N2O2S
    3-[(1R,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 3-[(1S,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C16H24N2O2S
    3-[(1S,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 2-[(4Z,7Z,10E)-pentadeca-4,7,10-trien-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C21H30O2
    2-[(4Z,7Z,10E)-pentadeca-4,7,10-trien-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-[2-[(2R)-2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide —— C17H26N2O3
    N-[2-[(2R)-2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide
    —— N-[2-[(2S)-2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide —— C17H26N2O3
    N-[2-[(2S)-2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(E)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C14H12N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(E)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide —— C10H12BrNO2
    2-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide —— C10H12BrNO2
    2-bromo-N-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 2-(3-Methylsulfanyl-6,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-d][3,1]benzoxazepin-6-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol —— C17H12N6O6S
    2-(3-Methylsulfanyl-6,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-d][3,1]benzoxazepin-6-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3-[(1S)-1-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]urea —— C16H22N4O2
    1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3-[(1S)-1-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]urea
    —— 1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3-[(1R)-1-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]urea —— C16H22N4O2
    1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3-[(1R)-1-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]urea
    —— [11C]Norepinephrine hydrochloride —— C8H11NO3
    [11C]Norepinephrine hydrochloride
    —— (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-methyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one —— C19H24N2O4S
    (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-methyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-[[3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl-methylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C16H16BrN3O2S
    3-[(1S)-1-[[3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl-methylamino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[[3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl-methylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C16H16BrN3O2S
    3-[(1R)-1-[[3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl-methylamino]ethyl]phenol
    —— (3R,7aS)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4S
    (3R,7aS)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,7aS)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4S
    (3R,7aS)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S,7aS)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4S
    (3S,7aS)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide —— C20H19NO3S
    N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide
    —— 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C18H20FNO3
    3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C18H20FNO3
    3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide —— C20H19NO3S
    N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide
    —— (3S,7aS)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4S
    (3S,7aS)-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide —— C21H24FNO3
    (2R)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide —— C21H24FNO3
    (2S)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11Br2NO2S2
    (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3S)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylbutanamide —— C18H21NO3
    (3S)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylbutanamide