摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide —— C16H13N3O6
    (3R)-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(5-amino-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C10H11N7O2
    2-(5-amino-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide —— C16H20N4O3
    3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 3-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol —— C17H15N3OS
    3-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(2Z)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol —— C17H15N3OS
    3-[(2Z)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide —— C17H18N2O4
    N'-[(E)-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— 3-[(E)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-propyltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate —— C15H16N8O3
    3-[(E)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-propyltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(E)-(phenylmethylidene)amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11N3O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(E)-(phenylmethylidene)amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)acetamide —— C14H17N4O3+
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)acetamide
    —— 3-(3,5-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide —— C14H15N5O5
    3-(3,5-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(E)-[(E)-(4-methyl-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C15H17N3O2S
    2-methoxy-5-[(E)-[(E)-(4-methyl-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide —— C14H16N4O3
    3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)acetamide —— C13H15N4O2+
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)acetamide
    —— 3-(((3-Cyclohexyl-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-YL)imino)methyl)phenol —— C15H18N4OS
    3-(((3-Cyclohexyl-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-YL)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-(((3-(2-Furyl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-YL)imino)methyl)phenol —— C13H10N4O2S
    3-(((3-(2-Furyl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-YL)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— (2S)-2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C16H18ClNO3S
    (2S)-2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2R)-2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C16H18ClNO3S
    (2R)-2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2R)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide —— C15H16N2O4S
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2R)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2S)-1-thiophen-3-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide —— C15H16N2O4S
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2S)-1-thiophen-3-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2S)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide —— C15H16N2O4S
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2S)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2R)-1-thiophen-3-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide —— C15H16N2O4S
    2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-N-[(2R)-1-thiophen-3-ylpropan-2-yl]benzamide
    —— N-(1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C15H13N3O4
    N-(1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-(1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide —— C15H13N3O4
    N-(1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 6-[[[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H11N3O5S
    6-[[[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 6-[[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H12N2O3
    6-[[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-oxoindolizine-1-carbonitrile —— C16H10N2O2
    3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-oxoindolizine-1-carbonitrile
    —— 4,5-dibromo-2-ethoxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H15Br2NO3
    4,5-dibromo-2-ethoxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one —— C15H14N4O3
    7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one
    —— 12-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,8,10-tetrazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-2,7,9-trien-11-one —— C16H14N4O3
    12-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,8,10-tetrazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-2,7,9-trien-11-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C14H13NO2
    6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H9N3O6
    6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1,4-dimethyl-5-(5-chloro-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 392704-31-3 C15H12ClN3O3
    1,4-dimethyl-5-(5-chloro-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-chloro-6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C14H12ClNO2
    4-chloro-6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-bromo-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-3,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H16BrNO2
    2-bromo-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-3,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-fluoro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C14H12FNO2
    2-fluoro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine-3-carbonitrile —— C14H10N4O5
    5-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C17H11Cl4N3O2
    4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]propanehydrazide —— C20H20N4O4
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N'-[[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]propanehydrazide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[[1-[2-(3-methylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxoindol-3-ylidene]amino]-5-nitrobenzamide —— C24H19N5O6
    2-hydroxy-N-[[1-[2-(3-methylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxoindol-3-ylidene]amino]-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H9N3O6
    6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11N3O5S2
    5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid —— C25H20N6O12S2
    5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
    —— 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C17H9Cl2N3O5S
    1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C13H12N2O4S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 2-amino-6-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-4-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile —— C19H14ClN3O2
    2-amino-6-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-4-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 1-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C20H17FN2O5
    1-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 4-[5-(anilinomethylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitrofuran-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C25H20N2O7
    4-[5-(anilinomethylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitrofuran-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 4-[[[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]methyl]amino]methylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C24H24N2O6
    4-[[[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]methyl]amino]methylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-[[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C24H21N5O5S
    2-[[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide