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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-((5S,7S)-1,1,7-Trimethyl-6-methylene-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-benzocyclohepten-5-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol —— C21H28O2
    2-((5S,7S)-1,1,7-Trimethyl-6-methylene-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-benzocyclohepten-5-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol —— C15H26O4Si
    5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C15H17NO3
    4-[1-hydroxy-2-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-1-pyridin-4-ylpropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H17NO3
    5-(2-Hydroxy-1-pyridin-4-ylpropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (R)-4-((4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C10H12N2O3
    (R)-4-((4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylanilino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C13H15NO2
    3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylanilino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyethenyl)phenol —— C10H12O3
    (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyethenyl)phenol
    —— [11,23-Ditert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-17-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl]methyl-trimethylazanium —— C44H60N2O4+2
    [11,23-Ditert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-17-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl]methyl-trimethylazanium
    —— 34,40,46,51-Tetratert-butyl-3,6,27,30-tetraoxa-14,19-diazaoctacyclo[30.15.7.138,42.149,53.02,44.07,12.021,26.031,36]hexapentaconta-1,7,9,11,13,19,21,23,25,31,33,35,38(56),39,41,44,46,49,51,53(55)-icosaene-55,56-diol —— C66H80N2O6
    34,40,46,51-Tetratert-butyl-3,6,27,30-tetraoxa-14,19-diazaoctacyclo[30.15.7.138,42.149,53.02,44.07,12.021,26.031,36]hexapentaconta-1,7,9,11,13,19,21,23,25,31,33,35,38(56),39,41,44,46,49,51,53(55)-icosaene-55,56-diol
    —— 4-[2-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid —— C28H44N2O10S
    4-[2-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,6-dibenzyl-2,7-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-oxo-8-oxa-2,7-diaza-1lambda5-phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,5-diol —— C32H33N2O6P
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,6-dibenzyl-2,7-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-oxo-8-oxa-2,7-diaza-1lambda5-phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,5-diol
    —— cyclocymopol monomethyl ether —— C17H22Br2O2
    cyclocymopol monomethyl ether
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylsulfonylamino]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide —— C9H9N5O7S3
    5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylsulfonylamino]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide
    —— 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbothioamide —— C22H28N2O2S
    2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbothioamide
    —— [1-[4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl] cyclopropanecarboxylate —— C22H33NO4
    [1-[4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl] cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— 2-[[[5-[(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2H-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C17H21N7O3
    2-[[[5-[(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2H-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde 617688-91-2 C18H14O3S
    3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one —— C13H9NO2Se
    5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one
    —— 4-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]benzaldehyde —— C22H21N3O3
    4-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]benzaldehyde
    —— 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl)acetamide —— C20H31NO5
    2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl)acetamide
    —— 2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl]-2-methylpropanenitrile —— C19H15ClN2O2
    2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl]-2-methylpropanenitrile
    —— 5-(5-Cyclohexylimino-4-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H21N3O2S
    5-(5-Cyclohexylimino-4-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2E,12Z)-13,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methylbicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),2,12,15,17-pentaen-7-one —— C19H24O4
    (2E,12Z)-13,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methylbicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),2,12,15,17-pentaen-7-one
    —— 8-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methoxyamino]octanoic acid —— C16H25NO5
    8-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methoxyamino]octanoic acid
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one —— C16H24N2O2
    3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C10H15NO2
    3-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— Methyl 2-[1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-2-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetate —— C23H28FNO4
    Methyl 2-[1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-2-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (3R)-1-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol;hydrochloride —— C20H32ClNO4
    (3R)-1-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-[2-[7-Amino-4-(furan-2-yl)-3,5,6,8,10,11-hexazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodeca-1(9),2,4,7,11-pentaen-10-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H17N7O3
    4-[2-[7-Amino-4-(furan-2-yl)-3,5,6,8,10,11-hexazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodeca-1(9),2,4,7,11-pentaen-10-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-phenyl-cyclohept-1-enyl)-phenol hydrochloride —— C22H27NO*ClH
    3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-phenyl-cyclohept-1-enyl)-phenol hydrochloride
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H15NO3S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;2-oxopropanoic acid —— C14H21NO6
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;2-oxopropanoic acid
    —— 3-(7-Isothiocyanato-2-methylheptan-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H23NO2S
    3-(7-Isothiocyanato-2-methylheptan-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[3-(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1,2-dihydroindazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H16N4O2
    3-[3-(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1,2-dihydroindazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide —— C19H17ClN2O3
    2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 5-[2-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazole —— C18H11ClFN3O2
    5-[2-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazole
    —— 4-(12-Methyltetradecyl)benzene-1,3-diol —— C21H36O2
    4-(12-Methyltetradecyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (+/-)-(3RS,4SR)-N-[4-Butyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl-methyl]-N-hydroxyformamide —— C17H24N2O4
    (+/-)-(3RS,4SR)-N-[4-Butyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl-methyl]-N-hydroxyformamide
    —— (E)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(pyrid-2-yl)sulfonyl]acrylonitrile 170449-04-4 C16H14N2O3S
    (E)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(pyrid-2-yl)sulfonyl]acrylonitrile
    —— (6S)-3-ethyl-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione —— C13H14O5
    (6S)-3-ethyl-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione
    —— [(1R,6R,13S,15R,16S)-6-hydroxy-8-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]oxymethyl]-4,15-dimethyl-5-oxo-13-phenyl-13-prop-1-en-2-yloxy-12,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.3.01,10.02,6]heptadeca-3,8-dien-16-yl] (2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoate —— C47H48O11
    [(1R,6R,13S,15R,16S)-6-hydroxy-8-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]oxymethyl]-4,15-dimethyl-5-oxo-13-phenyl-13-prop-1-en-2-yloxy-12,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.3.01,10.02,6]heptadeca-3,8-dien-16-yl] (2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoate
    —— 3-[[2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methylsulfanyl]-N'-sulfamoylpropanimidamide;(E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid —— C18H22N8O8S3
    3-[[2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methylsulfanyl]-N'-sulfamoylpropanimidamide;(E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
    —— 2-[3-(2-Aminoethylamino)-2-[(2-aminoethylamino)methyl]propyl]-4-bromophenol —— C14H25BrN4O
    2-[3-(2-Aminoethylamino)-2-[(2-aminoethylamino)methyl]propyl]-4-bromophenol
    —— 4-[[9-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]nonylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C25H38N2O4
    4-[[9-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]nonylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C22H23N3O4S
    3-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-amino-4-[4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-methylbutan-1-ol —— C21H29NO4
    (2R)-2-amino-4-[4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-methylbutan-1-ol
    —— 5-[4,4-dimethyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5H-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H25NO6
    5-[4,4-dimethyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5H-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexanoate —— C19H24N2O6
    (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexanoate
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-purin-9-yl)propanamide —— C16H19N5O4
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-purin-9-yl)propanamide
    —— 7-Cyclohexyl-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one —— C20H30O4
    7-Cyclohexyl-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one