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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-chloroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C17H12BrClN2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-chloroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— methyl (1R,2S,3S,7E,10R)-7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-8-oxo-17-oxa-6-thia-4,9-diazapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,3.05,9.011,16]heptadeca-4,11,13,15-tetraene-2-carboxylate —— C24H20N2O6S
    methyl (1R,2S,3S,7E,10R)-7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-8-oxo-17-oxa-6-thia-4,9-diazapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,3.05,9.011,16]heptadeca-4,11,13,15-tetraene-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-(3-fluorophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C16H15FN2O4
    2-(3-fluorophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(S)-benzimidazol-1-yl-[(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C20H17N5O3
    2-[(S)-benzimidazol-1-yl-[(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— (5E)-2-(2-bromo-4-chloroanilino)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H9BrCl2N2O2S
    (5E)-2-(2-bromo-4-chloroanilino)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-[(R)-benzimidazol-1-yl-[(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C20H17N5O3
    2-[(R)-benzimidazol-1-yl-[(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 6-[(5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid —— C17H18BrNO5S2
    6-[(5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid
    —— (Z)-3-[5-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]furan-2-yl]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C21H17ClO5
    (Z)-3-[5-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]furan-2-yl]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H14BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-butyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-butyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(2-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C17H12Cl2N2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(2-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5E)-3-butyl-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16ClNO3S2
    (5E)-3-butyl-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-butyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H14BrNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-butyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-butyl-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16ClNO3S2
    (5Z)-3-butyl-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H14ClNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]urea —— C12H11N3O4S2
    [(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]urea
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H15NO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H11NO4S2
    (5E)-5-[(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H13NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H14BrNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-(4-bromo-2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C14H13BrN2O3
    (Z)-3-(4-bromo-2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16ClNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H13NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-3-cyclopropyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H13NO3S2
    (5E)-3-cyclopropyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H12ClNO2S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid —— C13H10ClNO5S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol —— C27H28N4O3
    (3S,4S)-4-[[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol
    —— (3R,4R)-4-[[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol —— C27H28N4O3
    (3R,4R)-4-[[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol —— C27H28N4O3
    (3S,4S)-4-[[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol —— C27H28N4O3
    (3S,4S)-4-[[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol —— C20H25NO3
    4-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— (3S)-N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide —— C17H15BrN2O5
    (3S)-N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H15NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H15NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C15H14O3S
    (Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-[(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol —— C22H26NO2+
    4-Methoxy-2-[(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol —— C22H25NO2
    4-methoxy-2-[(4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)methyl]-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— (Z)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-3-(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)prop-2-enamide —— C16H18N4O4
    (Z)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-3-(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)prop-2-enamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]cyclopropanecarboxamide —— C12H13BrN2O3
    N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]cyclopropanecarboxamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H18N2O4S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide —— C16H13BrN2O5
    N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-piperidin-1-yliminomethyl]phenol —— C13H17BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-piperidin-1-yliminomethyl]phenol
    —— (3Z)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1-methylindol-2-one —— C17H15N3O3
    (3Z)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1-methylindol-2-one
    —— (E)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C16H10BrN3O3S
    (E)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C16H11N3O3S
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C15H9N3O2S
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10ClNO5S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (E)-3-[2,5-dimethyl-1-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyrrol-3-yl]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C22H25N3O3
    (E)-3-[2,5-dimethyl-1-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyrrol-3-yl]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one