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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(R)-amino-[5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C14H19N3O3
    2-[(R)-amino-[5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11N3O7S
    (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide —— C20H17BrN2O5S
    2-[(5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— (2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one —— C19H12Br4O3
    (2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one
    —— N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]cyclohexanecarboxamide —— C15H20N2O2
    N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H21BrN2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E)-2-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H13FN2O2S
    (2E)-2-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 6-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile —— C19H14N4O2
    6-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18BrClN2O4S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H14N2O6S
    (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10BrN3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methylbutylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide —— C23H28N2O5S
    (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methylbutylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide —— C24H28N2O5S
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— (6E)-6-[3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C22H20N2O4
    (6E)-6-[3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-{[(2E,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino}benzoic acid —— C19H16N2O5S
    3-{[(2E,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino}benzoic acid
    —— (Z)-2-(5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid —— C12H8N2O6S2
    (Z)-2-(5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11N3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O4S
    5-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H9BrClNO2S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C10H5BrClNO3S
    (5E)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[2-(1,5-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)hydrazinyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid —— C16H11N3O8S
    3-[2-(1,5-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)hydrazinyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 7-amino-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-1,6-dicarbonitrile —— C24H18N4O5S
    7-amino-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-1,6-dicarbonitrile
    —— (1R)-1-[5-[(S)-amino-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol —— C12H15N3O4
    (1R)-1-[5-[(S)-amino-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H23NO2S2
    (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H14N2O4
    (Z)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H23NO2S2
    (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18BrClN2O4S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-[(Z)-N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol —— C14H16N4O
    3-[(Z)-N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10Cl2N2O3
    (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-carboxylic acid [1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide —— C17H16N2O5
    2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-carboxylic acid [1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C22H21N3O5S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 4-fluoro-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide —— C15H13FN2O3
    4-fluoro-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide
    —— 2-fluoro-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H13FN2O3
    2-fluoro-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[1-[(2E)-2-(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl]ethenyl]phenol —— C17H17N3O2S
    5-methoxy-2-[1-[(2E)-2-(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl]ethenyl]phenol
    —— 4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C23H19N3O3S2
    4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1-(2,5-diethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione —— C22H21IN2O7
    1-(2,5-diethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
    —— 5-[[(2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H22N2O2
    5-[[(2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxamide —— C15H16N2O4
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(2,4-dibromo-6-methoxyphenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C16H13Br2N3O6
    2-(2,4-dibromo-6-methoxyphenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 5-[2-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-phenylisoxazole —— C18H12ClN3O2
    5-[2-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-phenylisoxazole
    —— (3Z)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C15H10N2O4
    (3Z)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— (5E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10ClNO3S2
    (5E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C12H11N3O4S
    (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(Z)-[3-bromo-4-[(2-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C22H18BrClN2O6
    N-[(Z)-[3-bromo-4-[(2-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 2,5-dichloro-3-[(E)-3-phenylmethoxyprop-1-enyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C16H14Cl2O3
    2,5-dichloro-3-[(E)-3-phenylmethoxyprop-1-enyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylthiophen-2-one —— C18H14O3S
    (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylthiophen-2-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(4,7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C26H21N3O5S
    (5Z)-3-(4,7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one