摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-[(S)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol —— C19H22NO5+
    6-[(S)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
    —— 6-[(R)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol —— C19H22NO5+
    6-[(R)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-[[1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C21H29N3O
    4-[(3S)-3-[[1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(3R)-3-[[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C21H29N3O
    4-[(3R)-3-[[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-[[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C21H29N3O
    4-[(3S)-3-[[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(3R)-3-[[1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol —— C21H29N3O
    4-[(3R)-3-[[1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— (3S)-3-[(R)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C20H18O9
    (3S)-3-[(R)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H15ClN4O2S
    5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— methyl (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C13H13N3O6
    methyl (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C13H13N3O6
    methyl (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate —— C18H23NO4
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-(diethylamino)-6-[[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C18H21N3O4
    3-(diethylamino)-6-[[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (5E)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H16N4O2S2
    (5E)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15FN2O4S
    (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N4O3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-[(4S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-4-yl]methanone —— C19H21N3O2
    [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-[(4S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-4-yl]methanone
    —— [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-[(4R)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-4-yl]methanone —— C19H21N3O2
    [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-[(4R)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-4-yl]methanone
    —— (5Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H16N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H16N4O2S2
    (5E)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[[5-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]imino]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H20N4O2S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[[5-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]imino]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14N2O5S2
    (5Z)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-[(1R,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea —— C17H26N2O2S
    1-[(1R,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 1-[(1S,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea —— C17H26N2O2S
    1-[(1S,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 1-[(1R,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea —— C17H26N2O2S
    1-[(1R,3R)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 1-[(1S,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea —— C17H26N2O2S
    1-[(1S,3S)-3-ethylsulfanylcyclopentyl]-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 1-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea —— C18H24ClN3O2
    1-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea
    —— 1-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea —— C18H24ClN3O2
    1-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea
    —— (4S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione —— C20H16ClNO5
    (4S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]guanidine —— C16H25N3O3
    2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]guanidine
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]guanidine —— C16H25N3O3
    2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]guanidine
    —— 3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4
    3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]thiopyran-4-carboxamide —— C16H16BrNO3S2
    (4R)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]thiopyran-4-carboxamide
    —— 3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide —— C17H22N2O4
    3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]thiopyran-4-carboxamide —— C16H16BrNO3S2
    (4S)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]thiopyran-4-carboxamide
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-thiophen-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one —— C14H12O3S
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-thiophen-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H11BrN2O2S
    (E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (Z)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridin-2-ylprop-2-enenitrile —— C15H11BrN2O2
    (Z)-3-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridin-2-ylprop-2-enenitrile
    —— (1S,2S)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C19H19F2NO3
    (1S,2S)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2R)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C19H19F2NO3
    (1R,2R)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2S)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C19H19F2NO3
    (1R,2S)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C19H19F2NO3
    (1S,2R)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide —— C19H21NO4
    (1S,2R,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2S,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide —— C19H21NO4
    (1S,2S,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide
    —— [(3S)-3-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone —— C15H14N2O5
    [(3S)-3-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— [(3R)-3-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone —— C15H14N2O5
    [(3R)-3-(furan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— (2Z)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}cyclopentanone —— C13H15NO2
    (2Z)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}cyclopentanone
    —— 1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea —— C20H26N4O2
    1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea
    —— 1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylurea —— C20H26N4O2
    1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylurea
    —— 1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylurea —— C20H26N4O2
    1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylurea
    —— 1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea —— C20H26N4O2
    1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea