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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]urea —— C15H20N4O3
    1-(5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]urea
    —— 10-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)decanoic acid —— C16H24O4
    10-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)decanoic acid
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C9H8ClNO3
    4-chloro-2-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— N'-[(E)-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C14H12N2O7
    N'-[(E)-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C14H12N2O7
    N'-[(E)-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— p-Hydroxyfelbamate 109482-28-2 C11H14N2O5
    p-Hydroxyfelbamate
    —— 5-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C14H16O3
    5-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— N,N-dibenzyl-2-[2-heptyl-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetamide —— C34H42N2O3S
    N,N-dibenzyl-2-[2-heptyl-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetamide
    —— 1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-5-methylsulfanylindazol-3-one —— C21H15Cl2N3O6S2
    1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-5-methylsulfanylindazol-3-one
    —— 1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;(3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C29H45N3O5
    1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;(3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-5-methoxy-1-(4-chloro-benzenesulphonyl)-1,2-dihydroindazol-3-one —— C21H16ClN3O7S
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-5-methoxy-1-(4-chloro-benzenesulphonyl)-1,2-dihydroindazol-3-one
    —— 2-Carbamoyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;chloride —— C24H44ClN3O5
    2-Carbamoyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;chloride
    —— 4-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butanamide —— C26H31N3O3S
    4-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butanamide
    —— (5Z)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]-2-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H31N3O2S
    (5Z)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]-2-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)-N-[6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexyl]butanamide —— C23H31N3O5
    4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)-N-[6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexyl]butanamide
    —— 5-chloro-3-[(2Z,4E)-5-(2,6-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohexyl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde —— C23H29ClO4
    5-chloro-3-[(2Z,4E)-5-(2,6-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohexyl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl ester 569343-58-4 C19H23NO7
    2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl ester
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-bromo-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-pyridin-3-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-one —— C15H10BrN3O3
    (4Z)-4-[(4-bromo-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-pyridin-3-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-one
    —— (3E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]furan-2-one —— C20H16O5
    (3E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]furan-2-one
    —— 4-(5,6-Dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-b][1,3]benzodiazepin-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C17H14N2O2S
    4-(5,6-Dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-b][1,3]benzodiazepin-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-(6-hydrazinyl-6-oxohexyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C15H23N3O3
    N-(6-hydrazinyl-6-oxohexyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 4-[(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]benzoic acid 360078-81-5 C15H12O5
    4-[(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]benzoic acid
    —— 2-bromo-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide 64297-95-6 C10H12BrNO2
    2-bromo-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide
    —— 4-{4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino}-2-nitro-phenol —— C15H13N5O3S
    4-{4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino}-2-nitro-phenol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-(2-ethylhexyl)urethane —— C19H31NO4
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-(2-ethylhexyl)urethane
    —— 5-[Decoxy(hydroxy)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol —— C17H28O5
    5-[Decoxy(hydroxy)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ol —— C18H20O5
    3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ol
    —— N-benzyl-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C17H16N2O3
    N-benzyl-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-(1-oxidopyridazin-1-ium-3-yl)-2,3,1-benzodiazaborinin-6-ol —— C11H9BN4O3
    1-Hydroxy-2-(1-oxidopyridazin-1-ium-3-yl)-2,3,1-benzodiazaborinin-6-ol
    —— 2-Aminobenzene-1,4-diol;iodide —— C6H7INO2-
    2-Aminobenzene-1,4-diol;iodide
    —— 2,4,6-tris(3',5'-dibromo-4'-hydroxy phenyl amino)-1,3,5-triazine —— C21H12Br6N6O3
    2,4,6-tris(3',5'-dibromo-4'-hydroxy phenyl amino)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 4-[1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol —— C21H31N2O5P
    4-[1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— N-[(Z)-heptadec-9-enyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C26H43NO3
    N-[(Z)-heptadec-9-enyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 1-[5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethanone —— C20H22N2O7
    1-[5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethanone
    —— 5-[[4-(2-Amino-4-pyridin-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol —— C20H17N5O2S
    5-[[4-(2-Amino-4-pyridin-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-4-fluorophenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol —— C23H33FO2Si
    2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-4-fluorophenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— [1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl] pyridine-3-carboxylate —— C21H28N2O4
    [1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl] pyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) urea —— C14H10F3N3O4
    N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) urea
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-6-[hydroxy-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C16H21N3O5
    2-Tert-butyl-6-[hydroxy-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2,3-Diethyl-4-phenylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenol —— C21H22O
    4-(2,3-Diethyl-4-phenylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(5,5-Dimethyl-6-propan-2-yl-2,7,8-trioxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-1-yl)phenol —— C16H22O4
    3-(5,5-Dimethyl-6-propan-2-yl-2,7,8-trioxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-1-yl)phenol
    —— 5-[Dodecoxy(hydroxy)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol —— C19H32O5
    5-[Dodecoxy(hydroxy)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione —— C11H11NO5
    5-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-furan-2-yl]-2-methyl-propionitrile —— C19H15ClN2O2
    2-[5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-furan-2-yl]-2-methyl-propionitrile
    —— (E)-1-(1-adamantyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-one —— C20H24O3
    (E)-1-(1-adamantyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-one
    —— (R,R)-1,6-bis[2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]hexane —— C28H40N2O4
    (R,R)-1,6-bis[2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]hexane
    —— Ent-butopamine —— C18H23NO3
    Ent-butopamine
    —— 1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;nitric acid —— C15H26N2O6
    1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;nitric acid
    —— 5-Nitro-2-[(6-nitro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)amino]phenol —— C13H8N4O6
    5-Nitro-2-[(6-nitro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)amino]phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodecan-3-ol —— C19H32O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodecan-3-ol