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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— (S)-1-<(phenylthio)acetyl>pyrrolidine-2-methanol 122030-79-9 C13H17NO2S
(S)-1-<(phenylthio)acetyl>pyrrolidine-2-methanol
—— N-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-N-methyl-thioacetamide 786685-92-5 C6H13NOS
N-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-N-methyl-thioacetamide
—— tert-butyl-dimethyl-[(2R)-4-phenylsulfanylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxysilane 107035-39-2 C16H26OSSi
tert-butyl-dimethyl-[(2R)-4-phenylsulfanylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxysilane
—— 3-[(Z)-{2,6-Bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]pyridin-3-yl}-NNO-azoxy]-2,6-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]pyridine 88753-50-8 C38H32N4O5S4
3-[(Z)-{2,6-Bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]pyridin-3-yl}-NNO-azoxy]-2,6-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]pyridine
—— 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithiole 113327-87-0 C5H8S2
4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithiole
—— 2-[5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio]propionic acid hydrazide 326488-96-4 C10H11N5O2S
2-[5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio]propionic acid hydrazide
—— 3-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxymethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione 6264-44-4 C4H6N2O2S3
3-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxymethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione
—— (3,4-dihydro-4-thiophenyl-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)cyclopropane 87385-08-8 C13H15NS
(3,4-dihydro-4-thiophenyl-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)cyclopropane
—— N-(3-methoxypropyl)ethanethioamide 1314920-05-2 C6H13NOS
N-(3-methoxypropyl)ethanethioamide
—— 2-cyclopropyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanenitrile 1403468-85-8 C7H11NO2S
2-cyclopropyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanenitrile
—— (E)-2-(1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)but-1-enylthio)pyridine 156662-11-2 C15H25NOSSi
(E)-2-(1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)but-1-enylthio)pyridine
—— bis-(1-methyl-nonyl)-sulfane 50688-03-4 C20H42S
bis-(1-methyl-nonyl)-sulfane
—— 1-methyl-3-ethyl-4-thiophenyl-2-piperideine 73657-72-4 C14H19NS
1-methyl-3-ethyl-4-thiophenyl-2-piperideine
—— 1-methyl-3-ethyl-4-thiophenylpiperidine 350800-04-3 C14H21NS
1-methyl-3-ethyl-4-thiophenylpiperidine
—— 4-[(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)thio]-2-fluorophenol 1258001-15-8 C14H23FO2SSi
4-[(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)thio]-2-fluorophenol
—— 3-(dimethylamino)-2-(methylsulphonyl)-2-acrylonitrile —— C6H10N2O2S
3-(dimethylamino)-2-(methylsulphonyl)-2-acrylonitrile
—— (E)-1-propan-2-ylsulfanylbut-1-ene 121222-72-8 C7H14S
(E)-1-propan-2-ylsulfanylbut-1-ene
—— bis-(5,5,5-trichloro-pent-2-enyl)-sulfone 90876-65-6 C10H12Cl6O2S
bis-(5,5,5-trichloro-pent-2-enyl)-sulfone
—— 2,2-Dimethyl-5-methylsulfon-cyclopentanon 90113-76-1 C8H14O3S
2,2-Dimethyl-5-methylsulfon-cyclopentanon
—— 4-(i-propylthio)-1-butene 65672-48-2 C7H14S
4-(i-propylthio)-1-butene
—— 4-methylmercapto-6-methyl-2-phenyl-5-acetylpyrimidine 13995-88-5 C14H14N2OS
4-methylmercapto-6-methyl-2-phenyl-5-acetylpyrimidine
—— 4-(3,5-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)-5-[N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methyl]aminomethyl-3-iodo-6-methyl-pyridin-2(1H)-one 1185190-08-2 C21H23IN2O2S
4-(3,5-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)-5-[N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methyl]aminomethyl-3-iodo-6-methyl-pyridin-2(1H)-one
—— 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(phenylsulfanyl)propanoyl chloride 64287-65-6 C11H13ClOS
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(phenylsulfanyl)propanoyl chloride
—— 4,6-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-5-ol 89808-12-8 C7H10N2OS
4,6-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-5-ol
—— 2-Bromo-4-(methylthio)thiophene 95191-79-0 C5H5BrS2
2-Bromo-4-(methylthio)thiophene
—— 2-(methylthio)-5-[tri(n-butyl)stannyl]thiophene 474706-72-4 C17H32S2Sn
2-(methylthio)-5-[tri(n-butyl)stannyl]thiophene
—— 2-bromo-3-(butylsulfanyl)thiophene 208753-33-7 C8H11BrS2
2-bromo-3-(butylsulfanyl)thiophene
—— 5-chloro-2,3-bis(4,6-diacetamidopyrimidinyl-5-thio)pyrazine 88048-61-7 C20H19ClN10O4S2
5-chloro-2,3-bis(4,6-diacetamidopyrimidinyl-5-thio)pyrazine
—— 1-phenylsulphenyl-1,4-pentadiene —— C11H12S
1-phenylsulphenyl-1,4-pentadiene
—— (Z)-5-(phenylthio)-5-decene 137298-82-9 C16H24S
(Z)-5-(phenylthio)-5-decene
—— N-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thiourea 89563-46-2 C4H7F3N2S
N-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thiourea
—— ethyl 2-ethoxalyl-4-p-tolylthiobutyrate 87379-01-9 C17H22O5S
ethyl 2-ethoxalyl-4-p-tolylthiobutyrate
—— (E)-5-phenylsulphenyl-1,3-hexadiene 129196-84-5 C12H14S
(E)-5-phenylsulphenyl-1,3-hexadiene
—— [(E)-6-fluorodec-5-en-5-yl]sulfanylbenzene 138221-75-7 C16H23FS
[(E)-6-fluorodec-5-en-5-yl]sulfanylbenzene
—— ethyl 2-ethoxalyl-3-p-tolylthiopropionate 87379-00-8 C16H20O5S
ethyl 2-ethoxalyl-3-p-tolylthiopropionate
—— 6-(Phenylthio)-5-decanone 123541-69-5 C16H24OS
6-(Phenylthio)-5-decanone
—— N-[(2-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-(2-phenylsulfanylcyclohexen-1-yl)acetamide 205446-77-1 C22H24BrNOS2
N-[(2-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-(2-phenylsulfanylcyclohexen-1-yl)acetamide
—— (2-bromoethyl)(selenophen-2-yl)sulfane 1297906-68-3 C6H7BrSSe
(2-bromoethyl)(selenophen-2-yl)sulfane
—— methoxymethylsulfanyl-methylsulfanyl-methane 26073-37-0 C4H10OS2
methoxymethylsulfanyl-methylsulfanyl-methane
—— 2-chloro-6-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)thio]purine 646510-55-6 C13H11ClN4O2S
2-chloro-6-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)thio]purine
—— 2-(Butylsulfanyl)-3-{(Z)-[2-(butylsulfanyl)-6-(propylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-yl]-NNO-azoxy}-6-(propylsulfanyl)pyridine 88753-53-1 C24H36N4OS4
2-(Butylsulfanyl)-3-{(Z)-[2-(butylsulfanyl)-6-(propylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-yl]-NNO-azoxy}-6-(propylsulfanyl)pyridine
—— 4-(6-Pyridin-4-ylsulfanylhexylsulfanyl)pyridine 161193-71-1 C16H20N2S2
4-(6-Pyridin-4-ylsulfanylhexylsulfanyl)pyridine
—— 4,4'-[1,6-(1,6-dithiahexane)]bispyridine 847253-44-5 C14H16N2S2
4,4'-[1,6-(1,6-dithiahexane)]bispyridine
—— 1,10-Bis-(pyrid-4-ylthio)-decan 94687-82-8 C20H28N2S2
1,10-Bis-(pyrid-4-ylthio)-decan
—— 1-[2-(2-Decylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)ethylsulfanyl]decane 140221-16-5 C24H50S3
1-[2-(2-Decylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)ethylsulfanyl]decane
—— S-(pyridin-2-yl)octanethioate 89397-99-9 C13H19NOS
S-(pyridin-2-yl)octanethioate
—— 8-(2,6-Dichloropurin-9-ylmethyl)-10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine 203658-04-2 C16H9Cl2N7S
8-(2,6-Dichloropurin-9-ylmethyl)-10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine
—— 2-chloro-6-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thio]purine 646510-59-0 C13H11ClN4S
2-chloro-6-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thio]purine
—— 1-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)undecyl methyl ether 212377-83-8 C18H29ClOS
1-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)undecyl methyl ether
—— 7-Methyl-2-phenyl-benzo[1,4]dithiine 89614-11-9 C15H12S2
7-Methyl-2-phenyl-benzo[1,4]dithiine