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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— N-hydroxy-N-methyl-thioformamide 31335-60-1 C2H5NOS
N-hydroxy-N-methyl-thioformamide
—— 5-phenylamino-2-thio-(2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 120403-62-5 C14H8N6O6S2
5-phenylamino-2-thio-(2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
—— (1Z)-1,2-bis(tert-butylsulfanyl)-3-methoxyprop-1-ene 1236458-59-5 C12H24OS2
(1Z)-1,2-bis(tert-butylsulfanyl)-3-methoxyprop-1-ene
—— Di-tert-butyl dithiosulfite 13686-74-3 C8H18OS3
Di-tert-butyl dithiosulfite
—— 2-(methylamino)-1-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethan-1-ol 892408-39-8 C10H15NOS
2-(methylamino)-1-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethan-1-ol
—— 1-tert-Butyldisulfanyl-3-methyl-butane 75203-68-8 C9H20S2
1-tert-Butyldisulfanyl-3-methyl-butane
—— 1-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl>-3-methylbut-2-ene 114678-55-6 C9H18OS
1-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl>-3-methylbut-2-ene
—— tert-butylthiosulfinate 34637-29-1 C4H10OS2
tert-butylthiosulfinate
—— ethyl 2-[[5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thio]acetate 52494-15-2 C12H13N3O2S2
ethyl 2-[[5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thio]acetate
—— 4-(cyclopropylmethyl)thio-o-phenylenediamine 64915-54-4 C10H14N2S
4-(cyclopropylmethyl)thio-o-phenylenediamine
—— 2-tert-butylthio-1-methyl-1H-imidazole 79487-94-8 C8H14N2S
2-tert-butylthio-1-methyl-1H-imidazole
—— 2-Chloro-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylthiobut-3-ene 101384-19-4 C12H15ClS
2-Chloro-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylthiobut-3-ene
—— tetra-<i>tert</i>-butyl tetrathioorthostannate 16528-55-5 4C4H9S*Sn
tetra-<i>tert</i>-butyl tetrathioorthostannate
—— tert-butylthiohypoiodite 25558-08-1 C4H9IS
tert-butylthiohypoiodite
—— 2-methyl-2-propanesulfenic 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic thioanhydride 52754-01-5 C8H18O2S3
2-methyl-2-propanesulfenic 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic thioanhydride
—— 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-methyl-1-(2-aminophenylthio)-3-butene 172607-26-0 C12H17NOS
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-methyl-1-(2-aminophenylthio)-3-butene
—— methyl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-yl)propanoate 137838-86-9 C13H16O2S2
methyl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-yl)propanoate
—— methyl 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylacetate 137838-87-0 C13H16O2S2
methyl 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylacetate
—— 3,4-bis(phenylthio)toluene 106139-96-2 C19H16S2
3,4-bis(phenylthio)toluene
—— 3,4-Bis-<1-methyl-1-(2-diaethylamino-aethoxycarbonyl)-aethylmercapto>-toluol 96971-69-6 C27H46N2O4S2
3,4-Bis-<1-methyl-1-(2-diaethylamino-aethoxycarbonyl)-aethylmercapto>-toluol
—— Snufoqbsxtyumy-yidvyqogsa- 141831-98-3 C17H18O4S2
Snufoqbsxtyumy-yidvyqogsa-
—— 1-((3-bromophenyl)thio)-2-methylpropan-2-ol 874279-51-3 C10H13BrOS
1-((3-bromophenyl)thio)-2-methylpropan-2-ol
—— 4-methyl-1,2-di(methylthio)benzene 29690-14-0 C9H12S2
4-methyl-1,2-di(methylthio)benzene
—— 6-methylbenzodithiin-2,3-dicarbonitrile 75083-01-1 C11H6N2S2
6-methylbenzodithiin-2,3-dicarbonitrile
—— 2,2'-(1,6-Methano-<10>annulen-2,7-diyl)bis(5-methyl-1,3-benzodithiol) 72952-81-9 C27H22S4
2,2'-(1,6-Methano-<10>annulen-2,7-diyl)bis(5-methyl-1,3-benzodithiol)
—— 5-Methyl-1,3-benzodithiol 53048-37-6 C8H8S2
5-Methyl-1,3-benzodithiol
—— ethyl 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-carboxylate 147805-37-6 C17H16O2S2
ethyl 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-carboxylate
—— 7-methylbenzo[5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3-b]pyrazine 36825-76-0 C11H8N2S2
7-methylbenzo[5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3-b]pyrazine
—— 2-methyl-5,12-dithianaphtho<2,3-b>quinoxaline 106161-11-9 C15H10N2S2
2-methyl-5,12-dithianaphtho<2,3-b>quinoxaline
—— 4-ethylsulfanyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-aniline 65605-25-6 C9H13NS
4-ethylsulfanyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-aniline
—— propylcarbamic acid 7,7-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-7,8-dihydro-6<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thiadiazin-9-yl ester 66933-16-2 C15H18F3N5O2S
propylcarbamic acid 7,7-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-7,8-dihydro-6<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thiadiazin-9-yl ester
—— 3-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-b]thiopyran 99219-94-0 C7H7BrS2
3-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-b]thiopyran
—— 1-(3-Phenylsulfanylpropyl)piperidin-2-one 643744-74-5 C14H19NOS
1-(3-Phenylsulfanylpropyl)piperidin-2-one
—— 1-(4-phenylsulfanylbutyl)piperidin-2-one 643744-69-8 C15H21NOS
1-(4-phenylsulfanylbutyl)piperidin-2-one
—— 2-(hex-1-yn-1-yl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dithiolane 282096-36-0 C15H18S2
2-(hex-1-yn-1-yl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dithiolane
—— 1,4-dithiaspiro<4.5>decan-7-one 80563-98-0 C8H12OS2
1,4-dithiaspiro<4.5>decan-7-one
—— [(1S,8aR)-8a-methylspiro[1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene-3,2'-1,3-dithiolane]-1-yl]-trimethylsilane 630130-73-3 C16H28S2Si
[(1S,8aR)-8a-methylspiro[1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene-3,2'-1,3-dithiolane]-1-yl]-trimethylsilane
—— 2-dithiabutanediyl[3.2]metacyclophane 362595-79-7 C19H20S2
2-dithiabutanediyl[3.2]metacyclophane
—— 2-cyclobutyl-2-thiomethylpropane-1,3-diol 131506-02-0 C8H16O2S
2-cyclobutyl-2-thiomethylpropane-1,3-diol
—— (2-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylethynyl)-trimethylsilane 950758-20-0 C11H20S2Si
(2-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylethynyl)-trimethylsilane
—— 1-(2-Ethyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-propan-1-one 136062-26-5 C8H14OS2
1-(2-Ethyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-propan-1-one
—— (1R,5S)-1,5-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane-spiro[7,2']-1,3-dithiolan-2-one 581096-91-5 C12H18OS2
(1R,5S)-1,5-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane-spiro[7,2']-1,3-dithiolan-2-one
—— 2-Butyl-3-methoxy-5,8-dithia-spiro[3.4]oct-2-en-1-one 361522-99-8 C11H16O2S2
2-Butyl-3-methoxy-5,8-dithia-spiro[3.4]oct-2-en-1-one
—— 2-methylthio-1,4-dihydro-1,3-thiazine-4-one 1193-87-9 C5H5NOS2
2-methylthio-1,4-dihydro-1,3-thiazine-4-one
—— (1R,6R,8R)-3,3-Ethylenedithio-8-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane 313653-90-6 C17H30S2
(1R,6R,8R)-3,3-Ethylenedithio-8-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane
—— 2-(4-methylsulfanylbenzyl)malonic acid diethyl ester 124663-44-1 C15H20O4S
2-(4-methylsulfanylbenzyl)malonic acid diethyl ester
—— <2-Dimethylamino-aethyl>-pentachlorphenyl-sulfid 14289-11-3 C10H10Cl5NS
<2-Dimethylamino-aethyl>-pentachlorphenyl-sulfid
—— 1-chloroethane-1,2-bis(sulphenyl chloride) 97484-10-1 C2H3Cl3S2
1-chloroethane-1,2-bis(sulphenyl chloride)
—— Δ<sup>1,9</sup>-Octalone-2 ethylene dithioacetal 150237-22-2 C12H18S2
Δ<sup>1,9</sup>-Octalone-2 ethylene dithioacetal
—— 2-Methyl-2-phenylethynyl-[1,3]dithiolane 183270-57-7 C12H12S2
2-Methyl-2-phenylethynyl-[1,3]dithiolane