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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 1-(i-propylthio)-2-butenes 128967-38-4 C7H14S
1-(i-propylthio)-2-butenes
—— 4-(carboxymethylthio)pyridine-1-oxide 56839-41-9 C7H7NO3S
4-(carboxymethylthio)pyridine-1-oxide
—— 2-Phenylthio-1,3-benzodithiol 57198-63-7 C13H10S3
2-Phenylthio-1,3-benzodithiol
—— (S)-7-methyl-7-phenylsulfanylmethyl-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane 824940-78-5 C15H20O2S
(S)-7-methyl-7-phenylsulfanylmethyl-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane
—— 1-Methylsulfonylpent-2-yne 172659-67-5 C6H10O2S
1-Methylsulfonylpent-2-yne
—— (-)-(1S,2R)-2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole-1-oxide 143788-51-6 C8H8OS2
(-)-(1S,2R)-2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole-1-oxide
—— Silane, [[(methoxymethyl)thio]methyl]trimethyl- 142837-37-4 C6H16OSSi
Silane, [[(methoxymethyl)thio]methyl]trimethyl-
—— (+)-trans-2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole 1-oxide 142235-68-5 C8H8OS2
(+)-trans-2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole 1-oxide
—— β-(2-Oxocyclopentyl)-α-phenylthio-γ-butyrolacton 57681-24-0 C15H16O3S
β-(2-Oxocyclopentyl)-α-phenylthio-γ-butyrolacton
—— phenyl cyclohexanedithiocarboxylate 1268077-09-3 C13H16S2
phenyl cyclohexanedithiocarboxylate
—— (4-Bromophenyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarbodithioate 165543-78-2 C13H8BrClS2
(4-Bromophenyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarbodithioate
—— 4-Chloro-dithiobenzoic acid p-tolyl ester 165543-77-1 C14H11ClS2
4-Chloro-dithiobenzoic acid p-tolyl ester
—— p-Chlor-dithiobenzoesaeure-p-chlorphenylester 39153-42-9 C13H8Cl2S2
p-Chlor-dithiobenzoesaeure-p-chlorphenylester
—— 2,2-bis(phenylthio)butane 64342-85-4 C16H18S2
2,2-bis(phenylthio)butane
—— 6,10-Dithiaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-1-one, 2-methyl- 56011-20-2 C9H12OS2
6,10-Dithiaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-1-one, 2-methyl-
—— Diethyl N-(ethylsulfanyl)hydrazodicarboxylate 232589-55-8 C8H16N2O4S
Diethyl N-(ethylsulfanyl)hydrazodicarboxylate
—— 4,5-dimethyl-5-(phenylthio)heptan-3-one 106918-92-7 C15H22OS
4,5-dimethyl-5-(phenylthio)heptan-3-one
—— 2-bromoethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 847068-74-0 C3H4BrF3O2S
2-bromoethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
—— 2-methanesulfinyl-1,1-dimethoxy-ethane 71185-71-2 C5H12O3S
2-methanesulfinyl-1,1-dimethoxy-ethane
—— 2-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>thiophene 119521-97-0 C9H8S
2-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>thiophene
—— 4-[(4-chlorobutyl)sulphonyl]-1,1,1-trifluorobutane 1353008-92-0 C8H14ClF3O2S
4-[(4-chlorobutyl)sulphonyl]-1,1,1-trifluorobutane
—— (Z)-1-(methylthio)-2-butene 4088-55-5 C5H10S
(Z)-1-(methylthio)-2-butene
—— α,α'-Bis-<isothiocyanato>-dimethylsulfid 13880-81-4 C4H4N2S3
α,α'-Bis-<isothiocyanato>-dimethylsulfid
—— 4-tert.-Butylcyclohexandithiol-(1.1) 15089-40-4 C10H20S2
4-tert.-Butylcyclohexandithiol-(1.1)
—— 1-methyl-2-propenyl methyl sulfide 4088-56-6 C5H10S
1-methyl-2-propenyl methyl sulfide
—— O-crotyl S-methyl dithiocarbonate 3817-80-9 C6H10OS2
O-crotyl S-methyl dithiocarbonate
—— S-Methyl N-sec-butyl(thiocarbamate) 142311-82-8 C6H13NOS
S-Methyl N-sec-butyl(thiocarbamate)
—— (E)-1-(methylthio)-2-butene 4088-54-4 C5H10S
(E)-1-(methylthio)-2-butene
—— (Cyclohex-1-enylmethylsulfanyl)-methylsulfanyl-acetonitrile 61223-56-1 C10H15NS2
(Cyclohex-1-enylmethylsulfanyl)-methylsulfanyl-acetonitrile
—— 5-Amino-3-methylthio-2-propyl-2H-1,2,4-triazole 88722-52-5 C6H12N4S
5-Amino-3-methylthio-2-propyl-2H-1,2,4-triazole
—— O-(Z)-2-hexenyl methylxanthate 1018478-98-2 C8H14OS2
O-(Z)-2-hexenyl methylxanthate
—— 2-[2-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanone hydrochloride 614729-93-0 C14H19NOS*ClH
2-[2-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanone hydrochloride
—— (2-aminoethyl) phenyl sulfide hydrochloride 34946-13-9 C8H11NS*ClH
(2-aminoethyl) phenyl sulfide hydrochloride
—— 2-[(3-Phenyl-4-phenyldiazenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide 91816-21-6 C17H14N4O2S
2-[(3-Phenyl-4-phenyldiazenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide
—— 2,2',6,6'-Tetrakis-methylthio-4,4'-bipyrimidin 60186-86-9 C12H14N4S4
2,2',6,6'-Tetrakis-methylthio-4,4'-bipyrimidin
—— 2-oxiranylmethylsulfanyl-thiophene 57713-44-7 C7H8OS2
2-oxiranylmethylsulfanyl-thiophene
—— 4-Amino-6-chloro-2-(1-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)propyl)thio-pyrimidine 185219-25-4 C13H15ClN4S
4-Amino-6-chloro-2-(1-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)propyl)thio-pyrimidine
—— 5-amino-3-methylthio-1-propyl-1,2,4-triazole 88722-38-7 C6H12N4S
5-amino-3-methylthio-1-propyl-1,2,4-triazole
—— 4-amino-6-chloro-2-(1-(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)pentyl)thio-pyrimidine 185219-31-2 C15H19ClN4S
4-amino-6-chloro-2-(1-(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)pentyl)thio-pyrimidine
—— 4,4'-dimethyl-5,5'-sulfanediyl-bis-thiazol-2-ylamine 51176-85-3 C8H10N4S3
4,4'-dimethyl-5,5'-sulfanediyl-bis-thiazol-2-ylamine
—— diacetonyl sulfoxide 77694-47-4 C6H10O3S
diacetonyl sulfoxide
—— 2-thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl-ethylamine 57713-47-0 C6H9NS2
2-thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl-ethylamine
—— 3,7-Bis[4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dithiin-5-yl)phenyl]furo[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-2,6-dione 1353051-98-5 C34H20O4S6
3,7-Bis[4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dithiin-5-yl)phenyl]furo[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-2,6-dione
—— 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-thiapentandial-(1,5) 51042-99-0 C8H14O2S
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-thiapentandial-(1,5)
—— 5-propylamino-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole 88722-65-0 C6H12N4S
5-propylamino-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole
—— [4-(4-nitrophenyl)sulfanylphenyl]iminocyanamide 113934-39-7 C13H8N4O2S
[4-(4-nitrophenyl)sulfanylphenyl]iminocyanamide
—— bis-(1-chloromethyl-vinyl)-sulfane 52444-05-0 C6H8Cl2S
bis-(1-chloromethyl-vinyl)-sulfane
—— 1-(3-propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-4-azatricyclo<2.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>heptane 198143-11-2 C11H15N3S2
1-(3-propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-4-azatricyclo<2.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>heptane
—— bis-(2-chloro-1-chloromethyl-ethyl)-sulfane 55342-19-3 C6H10Cl4S
bis-(2-chloro-1-chloromethyl-ethyl)-sulfane
—— [(Bromomethanesulfonyl)methylidene]cyclohexane 95205-62-2 C8H13BrO2S
[(Bromomethanesulfonyl)methylidene]cyclohexane