Anticholinesterasic, Nematostatic and Anthelmintic Activities of Pyridinic and Pyrazinic Compounds
作者:M. Valli、A. Danuello、M. Pivatto、J. C. Saldana、H. Heinzen、L. Dominguez、V. P. Campos、S. R. Marqui、M. C.M. Young、C. Viegas Jr.、D. H.S. Silva、V. S. Bolzani
DOI:10.2174/092986711796504718
日期:2011.8.1
In the search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as a potential target for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs, a series of 27 pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds have been designed on the basis of molecular hybridization of two known AChE inhibitors, namely, tacrine and (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline, and on the concept of isosterism. The synthesized compounds generally presented moderate anticholinesterasic activities when compared with the positive control physostigmine, but one compound (ethyl 2-[(6-chloropyrazin-2- yl)sulfanyl] acetate, 11) exhibited an in vitro ability to immobilize the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita that was highly comparable to that of the positive control Temik. Moreover, in anthelmintic assays against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (L4), some of the compounds, such as (6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)sulfanyl ethanol (32, EC50= 33 nM), presented activities that were considerably stronger than that of the positive control albendazole (EC50 = 340 nM). In the light of the positive results obtained in the anthelmintic evaluations, the acute oral toxicity of the representative compound diethyl 2,2' -[(3-nitropyridine-2,6-diyl) bissulfanediyl] diacetate (7) was determined in rats, and the drug was shown to be non-toxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. These results, allied with the relatively simple structures of the active compounds and their facile synthesis, highlight their potential use as anthelmintic or nematicidic agents.
在寻找乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂作为发现驱虫药潜在目标的过程中,设计了一系列27个吡啶和吡唑类化合物,这些化合物基于两种已知的AChE抑制剂,即他克林和(-)-3-O-乙酰散心碱,以及异构体的概念进行分子杂交合成。合成的化合物与阳性对照药物物理斯的明相比,通常表现出中等的抗胆碱酯酶活性,但其中一个化合物(乙基2-[(6-氯吡唑-2-基)硫代]醋酸酯,11)在体外对根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)具有显著的抑制能力,其效果与阳性对照Temik高度相似。此外,在针对肠道寄生线虫Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (L4)的驱虫实验中,一些化合物,如(6-氯吡唑-2-基)硫代乙醇(32,EC50= 33 nM),展示出明显强于阳性对照阿苯达唑(EC50 = 340 nM)的活性。鉴于在驱虫评估中获得的积极结果,代表性化合物二乙基2,2'-[(3-硝基吡啶-2,6-二基)双硫二基]二醋酸酯(7)的急性口服毒性在大鼠中进行了评估,结果表明该药物在2000 mg/kg的剂量下无毒。这些结果,加上活性化合物的相对简单结构及其易于合成的特点,突显了它们作为驱虫剂或杀线虫剂的潜在应用价值。