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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diol 39300-87-3 C14H26O11
    (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diol
    —— Glc4Me(a1-4)a-Glc1Me 9005-82-7 C14H26O11
    Glc4Me(a1-4)a-Glc1Me
    —— 4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid 71447-49-9 C55H77N17O14
    4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid
    —— (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide 81608-30-2 C50H73N17O11S
    (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide
    —— [(3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    [(3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— Prodynorphin 228-240 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Prodynorphin 228-240
    —— [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18S,19S,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18S,19S,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— P-P-Ura-LRibf.2Na+ 27821-45-0 C9H12N2Na2O12P2
    P-P-Ura-LRibf.2Na+
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 13463-28-0 C27H32O15
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— 8-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 64820-99-1 C27H30O14
    8-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— benzyl N-[(3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate 49705-98-8 C12H16N2O4
    benzyl N-[(3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate
    —— (6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S,18R)-16-[(3R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 136656-07-0 C45H76O19
    (6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S,18R)-16-[(3R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,12S,13R,14S,17S,18E,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,12S,13R,14S,17S,18E,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— H-D-Arg-Pro-D-Asp-Phe-D-Cys(1)-D-Leu-Glu-D-Pro-Pro-D-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Lys-D-Ala-Arg-Ile-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Tyr-Phe-D-Tyr-Asn-D-Ala-Lys-D-Ala-Gly-D-Leu-D-Cys(3)-Gln-Thr-Phe-D-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-D-Cys(2)-Arg-D-Ala-Lys-Arg-D-Asn-Asn-D-Phe-Lys-D-Ser-Ala-D-Glu-Asp-D-Cys(3)-Met-D-Arg-Thr-Cys(1)-Gly-Gly-D-Ala-OH 9087-70-1 C284H432N84O79S7
    H-D-Arg-Pro-D-Asp-Phe-D-Cys(1)-D-Leu-Glu-D-Pro-Pro-D-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Lys-D-Ala-Arg-Ile-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Tyr-Phe-D-Tyr-Asn-D-Ala-Lys-D-Ala-Gly-D-Leu-D-Cys(3)-Gln-Thr-Phe-D-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-D-Cys(2)-Arg-D-Ala-Lys-Arg-D-Asn-Asn-D-Phe-Lys-D-Ser-Ala-D-Glu-Asp-D-Cys(3)-Met-D-Arg-Thr-Cys(1)-Gly-Gly-D-Ala-OH
    —— (S)-tert-Butyl (1-((methoxymethyl)amino)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)carbamate 87694-50-6 C13H26N2O4
    (S)-tert-Butyl (1-((methoxymethyl)amino)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)carbamate
    —— 5-((R)-sec-Butylamino)-N1-((1R,3S,5S)-8-(5-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl)-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octan-3-yl)-2-methylterephthalamide 1149705-71-4 C29H37N5O3
    5-((R)-sec-Butylamino)-N1-((1R,3S,5S)-8-(5-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl)-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octan-3-yl)-2-methylterephthalamide
    —— L-ThreonicAcidCalciumSalthydrate 70753-61-6 C8H16CaO11
    L-ThreonicAcidCalciumSalthydrate
    —— Pharmakon1600-01503255 2375-03-3 C26H34NaO8+
    Pharmakon1600-01503255
    —— Dtxcid3028637 1811-31-0 C8H15NO6
    Dtxcid3028637
    —— Ethanone, 1-(7,8-dihydro-2-((9-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-9H-pyrido(4',3':4,5)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)-2-hydroxy- 1401033-86-0 C26H29N7O2
    Ethanone, 1-(7,8-dihydro-2-((9-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-9H-pyrido(4',3':4,5)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)-2-hydroxy-
    —— Dtxcid8025759 65391-42-6 C16H25ClN2O4
    Dtxcid8025759
    —— L-Valinamide,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-N-[2-methoxy-4-[2-[1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[[2-phenyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)ethyl] amino]propyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-(1-methylpropyl)-4-oxobutyl]-N-methyl-, [2S-[1[1R*(R*),2S*],2R*[1S*,2S*,3(R*)]]]- 110417-88-4 C42H68N6O6S
    L-Valinamide,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-N-[2-methoxy-4-[2-[1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[[2-phenyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)ethyl] amino]propyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-(1-methylpropyl)-4-oxobutyl]-N-methyl-, [2S-[1[1R*(R*),2S*],2R*[1S*,2S*,3(R*)]]]-
    —— sodium;3-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-4-(1,3-dibutyl-4,6-dioxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinan-5-ylidene)but-2-enylidene]-1,3-benzoxazol-3-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid 62796-23-0 C26H33N3NaO6S2+
    sodium;3-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-4-(1,3-dibutyl-4,6-dioxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinan-5-ylidene)but-2-enylidene]-1,3-benzoxazol-3-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— Vocamine 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    Vocamine
    —— Cystaphos 3724-89-8 C2H8NNaO3PS+
    Cystaphos
    —— Pharmakon1600-01300040 1716-12-7 C10H12NaO2+
    Pharmakon1600-01300040
    —— (16E)-11-Chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1~10,14~.0~3,5~]hexacosa-10(26),11,13,16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    (16E)-11-Chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1~10,14~.0~3,5~]hexacosa-10(26),11,13,16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione
    —— Torisel (TM) 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    Torisel (TM)
    —— 3, 1-Carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-cyclohexylene ester 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    3, 1-Carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-cyclohexylene ester
    —— Disodium pamoate monohydrate 71607-30-2 C23H16Na2O7
    Disodium pamoate monohydrate
    —— Calcium alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyrate 4857-44-7 C5H10CaO3S+2
    Calcium alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyrate
    —— Zosuquidr.3hcl (ly335979) 167465-36-3 C32H32ClF2N3O2
    Zosuquidr.3hcl (ly335979)
    —— Sancycline 808-26-4 C21H22N2O7
    Sancycline
    —— (R)-tert-Butyl 2-(methylamino)propanoate hydrochloride 405513-14-6 C8H18ClNO2
    (R)-tert-Butyl 2-(methylamino)propanoate hydrochloride
    —— sodium;(2S)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate;dihydrate 3792-50-5 C4H10NNaO6
    sodium;(2S)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate;dihydrate
    —— N-L-Valyl-L-serine 13588-94-8 C8H16N2O4
    N-L-Valyl-L-serine
    —— 2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-YL)methoxy)carbonyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid hydrate 77128-70-2 C18H19NO5
    2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-YL)methoxy)carbonyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid hydrate
    —— P1,P5-Di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate trilithium salt 75522-97-3 C20H26Li3N10O22P5
    P1,P5-Di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate trilithium salt
    —— (S)-2-Amino-4-oxo-4-(tritylamino)butanoic acid hydrate 132388-58-0 C23H24N2O4
    (S)-2-Amino-4-oxo-4-(tritylamino)butanoic acid hydrate
    —— Adenosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt dihydrate 16178-48-6 C10H17N5Na2O12P2
    Adenosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt dihydrate
    —— Sodium alpha-(3,5-dibromo-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-alpha-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)toluenesulphonate 62625-32-5 C21H13Br4NaO5S
    Sodium alpha-(3,5-dibromo-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-alpha-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)toluenesulphonate
    —— Epoxylathyrol 28649-60-7 C20H30O5
    Epoxylathyrol
    —— 3(R)-Deoxyharringtonine 36804-95-2 C28H37NO8
    3(R)-Deoxyharringtonine
    —— (3S)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol 148244-82-0 C26H38O12
    (3S)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    —— 1-O-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 16-O-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate 42553-65-1 C44H64O24
    1-O-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 16-O-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate
    —— Myxin b 1404-26-8 C111H194N32O26
    Myxin b
    —— Defensin 68563-24-6 C167H257N47O46
    Defensin
    —— Holothurin 11029-72-4 C54H85NaO25S
    Holothurin
    —— Glycine, N-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)-, monosodium salt 32046-75-6 C11H20NNaO6
    Glycine, N-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)-, monosodium salt
    —— Hederacolchiside C 36284-77-2 C59H96O25
    Hederacolchiside C