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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 34981-24-3 C25H28O6
    (2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— methyl (2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-idopyranosyl bromide)uroate 6919-98-8 C13H17BrO9
    methyl (2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-idopyranosyl bromide)uroate
    —— Helenien 547-17-1 C72H116O4
    Helenien
    —— Sale sodico del acido yodesossicolico [Italian] 10421-49-5 C24H39NaO4
    Sale sodico del acido yodesossicolico [Italian]
    —— senkyunolide H 94596-27-7 C12H16O4
    senkyunolide H
    —— tephrosin 76-80-2 C23H22O7
    tephrosin
    —— ilexsaponin B2 108906-69-0 C47H76O17
    ilexsaponin B2
    —— 2,3-Dimetyl-5-phenylbenzoxazolium methyl sulfate 159505-46-1 C16H18NO4S+
    2,3-Dimetyl-5-phenylbenzoxazolium methyl sulfate
    —— myricetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside 56190-04-6 C20H18O12
    myricetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside
    —— N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide sodium salt 2283356-12-5 C39H31ClF10N7O5S2*Na
    N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide sodium salt
    —— Dykddddk peptide 98849-88-8 C41H60N10O20
    Dykddddk peptide
    —— L-Ornithinealpha-ketoglutarate(2:1)dihydrate 5144-42-3 C15H24N2O12
    L-Ornithinealpha-ketoglutarate(2:1)dihydrate
    —— Ethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-thio-α-D-rhamnopyranoside 145124-97-6 C11H20O4S
    Ethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-thio-α-D-rhamnopyranoside
    —— 20(R,S)-ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> 14197-60-5 C42H72O13
    20(R,S)-ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub>
    —— N-[9-[(4S,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-oxo-1H-purin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 68892-41-1 C35H37N5O7
    N-[9-[(4S,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-oxo-1H-purin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— chrysamine G 6472-91-9 C26H16N4O6*2Na
    chrysamine G
    —— H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2 123583-37-9 C176H272N52O54
    H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2
    —— (5E)-7-{6-[(1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-octen-1-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl}-5-heptenoic acid 56985-40-1 C21H34O4
    (5E)-7-{6-[(1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-octen-1-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl}-5-heptenoic acid
    —— (R)-1-(2-Oxo-2-(4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-N-(3-phenyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide 942183-80-4 C34H34N8O2
    (R)-1-(2-Oxo-2-(4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-N-(3-phenyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide
    —— {2-[3-cyclohexyl-3-(trans-4-propoxy-cyclohexyl)-ureido]-thiazol-5-ylsulfanyl}-acetic acid 859525-02-3 C21H33N3O4S2
    {2-[3-cyclohexyl-3-(trans-4-propoxy-cyclohexyl)-ureido]-thiazol-5-ylsulfanyl}-acetic acid
    —— Calcium bis(aminoacetate) 33242-26-1 C2H3NO2*Ca
    Calcium bis(aminoacetate)
    —— (3alpha,5beta,14xi)-3,5,14-Trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide 514-39-6 C23H34O5
    (3alpha,5beta,14xi)-3,5,14-Trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(cyclopropyl)amino)acetic acid 182291-93-6 C10H17NO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(cyclopropyl)amino)acetic acid
    —— (2E)-3-{4-[(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-xylo-hexofuranosyl-5-ulose)oxy]-3-hydroxyphenyl}-2-methyl-N-[(3aS,4R,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-4,6,7-trihydroxyhexahydro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]acrylamide 6379-56-2 C23H29NO12
    (2E)-3-{4-[(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-xylo-hexofuranosyl-5-ulose)oxy]-3-hydroxyphenyl}-2-methyl-N-[(3aS,4R,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-4,6,7-trihydroxyhexahydro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]acrylamide
    —— Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranuronsaeure-methylester 3082-96-0 C15H20O11
    Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranuronsaeure-methylester
    —— 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexylamine 1073266-02-0 C7H12F3N
    4-trifluoromethylcyclohexylamine
    —— o-nitrophenol anion 16554-53-3 C6H5NO3
    o-nitrophenol anion
    —— Sodium bromocresol green 67763-24-0 C21H13Br4NaO5S
    Sodium bromocresol green
    —— 9,10-DEEPITHIO-9,10-DIDEHYDRO-35-METHYL-ACANTHIFOLICIN 81720-10-7 C45H70O13
    9,10-DEEPITHIO-9,10-DIDEHYDRO-35-METHYL-ACANTHIFOLICIN
    —— onjisaponin A 82410-33-1 C80H120O39
    onjisaponin A
    —— 2-Amino-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride 59331-63-4 C9H10Cl3NO2
    2-Amino-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (R)-N-(5-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 2364554-48-1 C18H19N5O2
    (R)-N-(5-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
    —— Aconitane-3,13,14,15-tetrol, 8-ethoxy-20-ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-, 3-acetate 14-benzoate, (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)- 96562-88-8 C36H51NO11
    Aconitane-3,13,14,15-tetrol, 8-ethoxy-20-ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-, 3-acetate 14-benzoate, (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-
    —— 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 124167-45-9 C24H27NO11
    4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside
    —— (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride(1:x) 10098-89-2 C6H17Cl3N2O2
    (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride(1:x)
    —— histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride 7389-87-9 C7H11N3O2*2ClH
    histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride
    —— chlorophenol red 123333-64-2 C19H12Cl2O5S
    chlorophenol red
    —— Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-, trisodium salt 34494-03-6 C3H5NO5P*3Na
    Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-, trisodium salt
    —— 88-75-5 C6H6NO3
    —— 1-Chlor-isobutyl-(2)-phosphordichlorid 5819-04-5 C4H8Cl3P
    1-Chlor-isobutyl-(2)-phosphordichlorid
    —— 523-21-7 C6H2NaO6
    —— benzyl (R)-3-carbamoylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1137013-14-9 C13H16N2O3
    benzyl (R)-3-carbamoylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— IWR-1 1127442-82-3 C25H19N3O3
    IWR-1
    —— [(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 13992-16-0 C20H24O9S
    [(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— Rifamycin,3-(((4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1-piperazinyl)imino)methyl) 69032-07-1 C51H64N4O12
    Rifamycin,3-(((4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1-piperazinyl)imino)methyl)
    —— 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl isothiocyanate 132413-50-4 C35H27NO9S
    2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl isothiocyanate
    —— Sodium pamoate 6640-22-8 C23H14Na2O6
    Sodium pamoate
    —— castamollinin 136199-93-4 C82H50O51
    castamollinin
    —— Prussian blue 14038-43-8 3C6FeN6*4Fe
    Prussian blue
    —— TPX-0131 2648641-36-3 C21H20F3N5O3
    TPX-0131