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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— D-Glucose 6-phosphate barium salt heptahydrate 60816-50-4 C6H25BaO16P
    D-Glucose 6-phosphate barium salt heptahydrate
    —— (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]hexanoic acid 130414-30-1 C20H27F3N2O5
    (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]hexanoic acid
    —— Boc-O-benzyl-D-threonine 69355-99-3 C16H23NO5
    Boc-O-benzyl-D-threonine
    —— 1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-propanoyl-D-glucofuranose 307531-77-7 C21H32O11
    1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-propanoyl-D-glucofuranose
    —— Adenosine 5'-triphos-phate magnesium salt 74804-12-9 C10H16MgN5O13P3
    Adenosine 5'-triphos-phate magnesium salt
    —— ALLM (Calpain Inhibitor) 136632-32-1 C19H35N3O4S
    ALLM (Calpain Inhibitor)
    —— zomepirac sodium salt 64092-48-4 C15H13ClNO3*Na
    zomepirac sodium salt
    —— ML355 1532593-30-8 C21H19N3O4S2
    ML355
    —— Proflavine hemisulfate hydrate 1811-28-5 C26H26N6O5S
    Proflavine hemisulfate hydrate
    —— Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride 70375-24-5 C31H46ClN7O7
    Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride
    —— (2S)-2-[(3R,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid;hydrate 61278-30-6 C6H10O8
    (2S)-2-[(3R,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid;hydrate
    —— Ala-Lys hydrochloride 68973-27-3 C9H20ClN3O3
    Ala-Lys hydrochloride
    —— Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamate hydrochloride 120928-08-7 C13H25ClN4O4
    Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamate hydrochloride
    —— 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride 67469-81-2 C28H34N2O*2ClH
    1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
    —— Pamoic acid disodium 6640-22-8 C23H16NaO6
    Pamoic acid disodium
    —— dCMP 1032-65-1 C9H12N3O7P
    dCMP
    —— 1 ethyl 4,5 bis(methylcarbamoyl)imidazole 64-99-3 C9H14N4O2
    1 ethyl 4,5 bis(methylcarbamoyl)imidazole
    —— CXD101 934828-12-3 C24H29N5O
    CXD101
    —— (2S,4R)-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxy)-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester 88043-21-4 C19H27NO7S
    (2S,4R)-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxy)-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester
    —— Cyclosporine A 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    Cyclosporine A
    —— (3S,6R,9R,12R,15R,18S,24S,30S,33R)-30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    (3S,6R,9R,12R,15R,18S,24S,30S,33R)-30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
    —— methyl 2-[(1R,2S,4R,9R,10S,11R,15R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate 25990-37-8 C27H30O7
    methyl 2-[(1R,2S,4R,9R,10S,11R,15R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate
    —— 6-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-1-O-[(2alpha,3alpha,5xi,9xi)-2,3,23-trihydroxy-28-oxours-12-en-28-yl]-alpha-L-mannopyranose 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    6-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-1-O-[(2alpha,3alpha,5xi,9xi)-2,3,23-trihydroxy-28-oxours-12-en-28-yl]-alpha-L-mannopyranose
    —— kaempferol 7-α-O-glucoside 16290-07-6 C21H20O11
    kaempferol 7-α-O-glucoside
    —— clitorin 55804-74-5 C33H40O19
    clitorin
    —— kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
    kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide
    —— methyl 2-amino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionate 85317-52-8 C10H12N2O4
    methyl 2-amino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionate
    —— 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside 2627-69-2 C9H14N4O5
    5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside
    —— N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylglycine methyl ester 93136-36-8 C12H15NO4
    N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylglycine methyl ester
    —— 2-[5-(1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadienyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3H-indolium chloride 1032678-07-1 C32H39N2O2*Cl
    2-[5-(1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadienyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3H-indolium chloride
    —— methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-methylpropanoate 182486-16-4 C10H19NO4
    methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— [(13S)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] 3-cyclopentylpropanoate 313-06-4 C26H36O3
    [(13S)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] 3-cyclopentylpropanoate
    —— isovitexin 29702-25-8 C21H20O10
    isovitexin
    —— (6-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)-methanol 4099-85-8 C9H16O5
    (6-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)-methanol
    —— nutlin-3B 548472-68-0 C30H30Cl2N4O4
    nutlin-3B
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— NVP-BSK805 1092499-93-8 C27H28F2N6O
    NVP-BSK805
    —— allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside 20746-64-9 C16H20O6
    allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside
    —— methyl (4aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aR,14bR)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 218600-53-4 C32H43NO4
    methyl (4aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aR,14bR)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 2-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1R,2R,4R,5S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R,18S)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 20736-09-8 C42H68O13
    2-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1R,2R,4R,5S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R,18S)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— methyl 2-[((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino]-4-pentynoate 71460-02-1 C11H17NO4
    methyl 2-[((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino]-4-pentynoate
    —— Acridine-3,6-diamine sulfate dihydrate 1811-28-5 C13H17N3O6S
    Acridine-3,6-diamine sulfate dihydrate
    —— Laminarytriose 9008-22-4 C18H32O16
    Laminarytriose
    —— 4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranose 80446-85-1 C12H22O11
    4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranose
    —— europium(II) sulphate 10031-54-6 Eu*O4S
    europium(II) sulphate
    —— (3S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,4R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 528-50-7 C12H22O11
    (3S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,4R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid 1449-05-4 C30H46O4
    (2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— 2-[[(E)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethyl dihydrogen phosphate 24435-25-4 C20H40NO5P
    2-[[(E)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethyl dihydrogen phosphate
    —— Spinosad 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile 168316-95-8 C83H132N2O20
    Spinosad 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile