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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— S-p-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA 27718-41-8 C28H40N7O18P3S
    S-p-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-carboxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-carboxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 9046-40-6 C18H26O19
    (2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-carboxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-carboxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Immucillin-H hydrochloride 209799-67-7 C11H15ClN4O4
    Immucillin-H hydrochloride
    —— (2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate 42288-20-0 C11H14N2O4S3
    (2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— 4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— 2-{[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}-9-pentofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-ol 3676-72-0 C17H17N5O6
    2-{[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}-9-pentofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-ol
    —— N-[5-[(4S)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 35061-50-8 C16H28N2O11
    N-[5-[(4S)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(3R,6R,8S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(3R,6R,8S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 1-O-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 16-O-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate 42553-65-1 C44H64O24
    1-O-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 16-O-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate
    —— leucyl-glycine-β-naphthylamide 100930-00-5 C18H23N3O2
    leucyl-glycine-β-naphthylamide
    —— [(3R,4R,5S,8S,9S,12R)-12-[(2S,3S,6R,8S,9R)-3,9-dimethyl-8-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-oxopentyl]-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]-5,9-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2,8-dimethyl-7-oxotridecan-3-yl] (3R)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methyl-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl)propanoate 109946-35-2 C41H66O13
    [(3R,4R,5S,8S,9S,12R)-12-[(2S,3S,6R,8S,9R)-3,9-dimethyl-8-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-oxopentyl]-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]-5,9-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2,8-dimethyl-7-oxotridecan-3-yl] (3R)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methyl-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl)propanoate
    —— nile blue A 3625-57-8 C20H19N3O*H
    nile blue A
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 52187-80-1 C27H30O16
    5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
    —— Glycyl-histidin 2489-13-6 C8H12N4O3
    Glycyl-histidin
    —— methyl 3-hydrazinylbenzoate hydrochloride 167626-26-8 C8H10N2O2*ClH
    methyl 3-hydrazinylbenzoate hydrochloride
    —— tetraethylenepentamine pentahydrochloride 4961-41-5 C8H28N5*5Cl
    tetraethylenepentamine pentahydrochloride
    —— coenzyme-A 85-61-0 C21H36N7O16P3S
    coenzyme-A
    —— (S)-3-Methyl-2-(2-nitro-phenylsulfanylamino)-pentanoic acid; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine 10382-52-2 C12H16N2O4S*C12H23N
    (S)-3-Methyl-2-(2-nitro-phenylsulfanylamino)-pentanoic acid; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine
    —— (R)-4-amino-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid 25691-37-6 C9H18N2O4
    (R)-4-amino-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid
    —— 4-aminophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside 31302-52-0 C12H17NO6
    4-aminophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Asparagylglutamic acid 20917-58-2 C9H15N3O6
    Asparagylglutamic acid
    —— [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-threonine dicyclohexylamine salt 16966-07-7 C12H23N*C16H23NO5
    N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-threonine dicyclohexylamine salt
    —— 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose 498-07-7 C6H10O5
    1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose
    —— N-acetyl glutamine 35305-74-9 C7H12N2O4
    N-acetyl glutamine
    —— Picrosid II, HPLC Grade 39012-20-9 C23H28O13
    Picrosid II, HPLC Grade
    —— N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium dichloroiodate 114971-52-7 C10H16N*Cl2I
    N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium dichloroiodate
    —— SodiuM L-GlutaMate Monohydrate 6106-04-3 C5H9NNa2O5
    SodiuM L-GlutaMate Monohydrate
    —— N-Acetyl-muraminsaeure 10597-89-4 C11H19NO8
    N-Acetyl-muraminsaeure
    —— 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-methyl-α-D-glucofuranose 13322-87-7 C13H22O6
    1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-methyl-α-D-glucofuranose
    —— Adenosine-5'-triphosphate magnesium salt 74804-12-9 C10H12Mg2N5O13P3
    Adenosine-5'-triphosphate magnesium salt
    —— 7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one sodium salt 34994-50-8 C12H6NO3*Na
    7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one sodium salt
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid 158979-29-4 C10H15NO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid
    —— methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside 6748-91-0 C28H26O8
    methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Methyl-α-D-altropyranosid 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    Methyl-α-D-altropyranosid
    —— α-Methyl-L-idosid 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    α-Methyl-L-idosid
    —— methyl β-D-talopyranoside 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    methyl β-D-talopyranoside
    —— methyl N<sup>3</sup>-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-(R)-2,3-diaminopropinate 363191-25-7 C9H18N2O4
    methyl N<sup>3</sup>-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-(R)-2,3-diaminopropinate
    —— 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucal 63598-36-7 C13H14O4
    4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucal
    —— methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside
    —— α-Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-D-altrosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    α-Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-D-altrosid
    —— methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-gulopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-gulopyranoside
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-α-D-allopyranosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-α-D-allopyranosid
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-β-D-mannopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-β-D-mannopyranoside
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-β-D-galactopyranosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-β-D-galactopyranosid
    —— (2S,4aR,6S,7S,8S,8aS)-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxine-7,8-diol 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    (2S,4aR,6S,7S,8S,8aS)-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxine-7,8-diol
    —— H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl 40719-58-2 C8H18ClN3O3
    H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl
    —— tert-butyl 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate hydrochloride 39741-62-3 C9H18N2O3*ClH
    tert-butyl 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate hydrochloride
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 1146963-51-0 C18H17F3N2O2
    2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide