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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-leucyl-asparagine 14608-81-2 C10H19N3O4
    <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-leucyl-asparagine
    —— Schidigerasaponin D5 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    Schidigerasaponin D5
    —— isoindigo 476-34-6 C16H10N2O2
    isoindigo
    —— Lyxopyranose, tetraacetate 4049-34-7 C13H18O9
    Lyxopyranose, tetraacetate
    —— Isoguanosine 1818-71-9 C10H13N5O5
    Isoguanosine
    —— Neferin 2292-16-2 C38H44N2O6
    Neferin
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-aminophenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 5094-33-7 C12H17NO6
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-aminophenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 2-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[[7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 102115-79-7 C51H82O21
    2-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[[7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Boc-DL-Leu-OH 13139-15-6 C11H21NO4
    Boc-DL-Leu-OH
    —— Obacunon 751-03-1 C26H30O7
    Obacunon
    —— 1-[6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]-N-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide 313348-27-5 C15H18N8O5
    1-[6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]-N-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide
    —— Fmoc-Thr(O-t-Bu)-OH 71989-35-0 C23H27NO5
    Fmoc-Thr(O-t-Bu)-OH
    —— Trp-Leu 13123-35-8 C17H23N3O3
    Trp-Leu
    —— Sarsasapogeninacetat 2530-07-6 C29H46O4
    Sarsasapogeninacetat
    —— (-)-Tracheloside 33464-71-0 C27H34O12
    (-)-Tracheloside
    —— 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine 19130-96-2 C6H13NO4
    2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine
    —— 6-(3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 81907-61-1 C30H44O7
    6-(3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid
    —— Gdp fucose 15839-70-0 C16H25N5O15P2
    Gdp fucose
    —— N-benzoyl-5'-O-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine 64325-78-6 C38H35N5O6
    N-benzoyl-5'-O-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine
    —— ginsenoside R1 80418-24-2 C47H80O18
    ginsenoside R1
    —— Astragalin 2''-xyloside 6''-rhamnoside 131573-90-5 C32H38O19
    Astragalin 2''-xyloside 6''-rhamnoside
    —— 8-Tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione 107438-79-9 C20H24O10
    8-Tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione
    —— 4-amino-5-[[1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 38101-59-6 C16H19N3O5
    4-amino-5-[[1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 86748-77-8 C9H17NO5
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— Yunaconitine 70578-24-4 C35H49NO11
    Yunaconitine
    —— 3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 31512-06-8 C27H30O16
    3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Gitoxoside 4562-36-1 C41H64O14
    Gitoxoside
    —— 2',3'-Isopropylideneinosine 2140-11-6 C13H16N4O5
    2',3'-Isopropylideneinosine
    —— 1,4-beta-D-Xylobiose;1,4-D-Xylobiose 6860-47-5 C10H18O9
    1,4-beta-D-Xylobiose;1,4-D-Xylobiose
    —— [6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]methanol 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    [6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]methanol
    —— 3,4,8-Trihydroxy-11,11-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadeca-2,4,6-trien-15-one 93380-12-2 C20H26O5
    3,4,8-Trihydroxy-11,11-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadeca-2,4,6-trien-15-one
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl)-phenylalanine methyl ester 4817-95-2 C23H28N2O5
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl)-phenylalanine methyl ester
    —— alpha-D-Galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-D-galacturonic acid 6037-45-2 C18H26O19
    alpha-D-Galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-D-galacturonic acid
    —— 2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 20736-09-8 C42H68O13
    2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— N(α)-Z-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 62234-40-6 C12H16N2O4
    N(α)-Z-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid
    —— Jujuboside D 194851-84-8 C58H94O26
    Jujuboside D
    —— 2-[2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 83459-41-0 C58H98O26
    2-[2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Chikusetsusaponin IV 7518-22-1 C47H74O18
    Chikusetsusaponin IV
    —— N-[2-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 2495-96-7 C10H19NO6
    N-[2-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 1,4-di-o-tosyl-2,3-isopropylidene-D-threitol 37002-45-2 C21H26O8S2
    1,4-di-o-tosyl-2,3-isopropylidene-D-threitol
    —— k-252a 97161-97-2 C27H21N3O5
    k-252a
    —— Glabrene 60008-03-9 C20H18O4
    Glabrene
    —— 2-((((9h-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(methylsulfonyl)butanoic acid 163437-14-7 C20H21NO6S
    2-((((9h-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(methylsulfonyl)butanoic acid
    —— cAMP 634-01-5 C10H12N5O6P
    cAMP
    —— apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-4'-O-methyl ether 578-74-5 C21H20O10
    apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-4'-O-methyl ether
    —— 2-[(RS)-Furan-2-ylmethylsulfinyl]-N-{4-[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) pyridin-2-yl]oxy-(2Z)-but-2-en-1-yl}acetamide 118288-08-7 C22H29N3O4S
    2-[(RS)-Furan-2-ylmethylsulfinyl]-N-{4-[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) pyridin-2-yl]oxy-(2Z)-but-2-en-1-yl}acetamide
    —— Deoxyadenosin-5'-phosphat 653-63-4 C10H14N5O6P
    Deoxyadenosin-5'-phosphat
    —— 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone 8-O-b-D-glucoside 33037-46-6 C21H20O10
    1,8-Dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone 8-O-b-D-glucoside
    —— [4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 87075-18-1 C23H26O11
    [4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    —— Acurea 11079-53-1 C35H52O4
    Acurea