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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-1,2-O-<1-ethoxy-ethyliden>-β-D-altropyranose 3254-15-7 C16H24O10
    3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-1,2-O-<1-ethoxy-ethyliden>-β-D-altropyranose
    —— delta Paper, indicator 5423-07-4 C16H10N4NaO11S2+
    delta Paper, indicator
    —— 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-D-erythro-pentofuranose 3601-89-6 C21H21ClO5
    1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-D-erythro-pentofuranose
    —— prussian blue 14460-01-6 3C6FeN6*4Fe
    prussian blue
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-[6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 4338-48-1 C12H17N5O5
    (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-[6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Spiro[2,5-methano-7H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopent[1,2-d]oxepin-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2H)-one,hexahydro-1b-hydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(1-methylethenyl)-,(1aS,1bR,2S,2'R,5S,6aR,7aR,8R)- 2571-86-0 C15H18O5
    Spiro[2,5-methano-7H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopent[1,2-d]oxepin-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2H)-one,hexahydro-1b-hydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(1-methylethenyl)-,(1aS,1bR,2S,2'R,5S,6aR,7aR,8R)-
    —— Alisol A 19865-73-7 C30H50O5
    Alisol A
    —— Diacromo Blue G 3564-14-5 C20H14N2NaO5S+
    Diacromo Blue G
    —— L-5-Hydroxytryptophan dihydrate 145224-90-4 C11H16N2O5
    L-5-Hydroxytryptophan dihydrate
    —— Tosactida 47931-80-6 C150H230N44O39S
    Tosactida
    —— XD14 1370888-71-3 C20H27N3O5S
    XD14
    —— 2-Amino-2-methyldec-6-enoic acid 1195967-46-4 C11H21NO2
    2-Amino-2-methyldec-6-enoic acid
    —— Huhs015 1453097-13-6 C19H18N4O
    Huhs015
    —— incensole acetate 34701-53-6 C22H36O3
    incensole acetate
    —— Mrtx0902 2654743-22-1 C22H24N6O
    Mrtx0902
    —— tert-butyl (1-bromopropan-2-yl)carbamate 1391026-59-7 C8H16BrNO2
    tert-butyl (1-bromopropan-2-yl)carbamate
    —— QPX7728 2170834-63-4 C10H8BFO4
    QPX7728
    —— Z-D-Arg(Pbf)-OH.CHA 200190-89-2 C33H49N5O7S
    Z-D-Arg(Pbf)-OH.CHA
    —— Acetic acid (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-yl ester 70128-28-8 C11H18O6
    Acetic acid (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-yl ester
    —— (3S,5R)-6‘-bromo-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-spiro [cyclohexane-1,2’-indane]-1‘-one 1454700-89-0 C17H21BrO2
    (3S,5R)-6‘-bromo-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-spiro [cyclohexane-1,2’-indane]-1‘-one
    —— aescigenin 426-95-9 C30H48O5
    aescigenin
    —— (2R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[[(2S)-2-(sulfanyloxymethyl)-2H-furan-5-yl]oxy]-2,6-dihydropyran 74135-10-7 C12H14O35S8*8Na
    (2R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[[(2S)-2-(sulfanyloxymethyl)-2H-furan-5-yl]oxy]-2,6-dihydropyran
    —— S-2765,Chromogenic Substrate for Fxa 115388-96-0 C27H36N8O5
    S-2765,Chromogenic Substrate for Fxa
    —— [(2S,4S)-3-acetyloxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl] acetate 34819-86-8 C10H14O5
    [(2S,4S)-3-acetyloxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl] acetate
    —— H-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-Gln-DL-Leu-DL-Met-DL-His-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-His-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Ser-DL-Met-DL-Glu-DL-Arg-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Leu-DL-Gln-DL-Asp-DL-Val-DL-His-DL-Asn-DL-Phe-OH.CH3CO2H.H2O 52232-67-4 C183H297N55O54S2
    H-DL-Ser-DL-Val-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-Gln-DL-Leu-DL-Met-DL-His-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-His-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Ser-DL-Met-DL-Glu-DL-Arg-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Trp-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Leu-DL-Gln-DL-Asp-DL-Val-DL-His-DL-Asn-DL-Phe-OH.CH3CO2H.H2O
    —— 10,11-dimethoxy-19β-methyl-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 131-02-2 C23H28N2O5
    10,11-dimethoxy-19β-methyl-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— Methane;5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenylchromenylium-7-ol 125536-25-6 C18H19O3+
    Methane;5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenylchromenylium-7-ol
    —— Inosine, 2'-deoxy-6-thio- 2239-64-7 C10H12N4O3S
    Inosine, 2'-deoxy-6-thio-
    —— K145 hydrochloride 1449240-68-9 C18H24N2O3S*ClH
    K145 hydrochloride
    —— 12-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid 100665-44-9 C30H40O8
    12-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid
    —— 96293-19-5 C27H25N3NiO3*(x)H2O
    —— (+/-)-triptolide 38748-32-2 C20H24O6
    (+/-)-triptolide
    —— Glycerophosphoinositol lysine 425642-33-7 C15H33N2O13P
    Glycerophosphoinositol lysine
    —— Cysteine methyl ester chloride 18598-63-5 C4H9ClNO2S-
    Cysteine methyl ester chloride
    —— KH-CB19 1354037-26-5 C15H13Cl2N3O2
    KH-CB19
    —— (3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 120972-53-4 C110H159N27O34S5
    (3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
    —— N-[(3E)-hex-3-enoyl]-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg--Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2 218949-48-5 C221H366N72O67S
    N-[(3E)-hex-3-enoyl]-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg--Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2
    —— 5'-Adenylic acid,sodium salt, hydrate (9CI) 149022-20-8 C10H16N5NaO8P
    5'-Adenylic acid,sodium salt, hydrate (9CI)
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexanal hydrate 66009-10-7 C12H22O11.H2O
    (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexanal hydrate
    —— 4'-azido-5'-deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine 926309-57-1 C10H11IN8O3
    4'-azido-5'-deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine
    —— Spirostan-6-one, 3-hydroxy-, (5a,25R)- 1177-71-5 C27H42O4
    Spirostan-6-one, 3-hydroxy-, (5a,25R)-
    —— β-glycyrrhizinic acid trisodium salt 11052-19-0 C42H59O16*3Na
    β-glycyrrhizinic acid trisodium salt
    —— Zacopride fumarate 101303-98-4 C4H4O4*C15H20ClN3O2
    Zacopride fumarate
    —— Benzenesulfonic acid,2'-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis(5-isothiocyanoto-, disodium salt 67483-13-0 C16H10N2NaO6S4+
    Benzenesulfonic acid,2'-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis(5-isothiocyanoto-, disodium salt
    —— (3β,24R)-3-(acetyloxy)eupha-7,25-dien-24-ol 1352001-09-2 C32H52O3
    (3β,24R)-3-(acetyloxy)eupha-7,25-dien-24-ol
    —— H-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-DL-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-NH2 86168-78-7 C149H246N44O42S
    H-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-DL-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-NH2
    —— brilliant black BN 2519-30-4 C28H17N5O14S4*4Na
    brilliant black BN
    —— Renin FRET Substrate I 142988-22-5 C90H120N22O16S
    Renin FRET Substrate I
    —— Zinc chloride--N-benzoyl-4-diazonio-2,5-diethoxybenzen-1-aminide--hydrogen chloride (1/2/2/2) 5486-84-0 C34H36Cl4N6O6Zn
    Zinc chloride--N-benzoyl-4-diazonio-2,5-diethoxybenzen-1-aminide--hydrogen chloride (1/2/2/2)
    —— Bilobalidmonohydrat 33570-04-6 C15H18O8
    Bilobalidmonohydrat