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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Sodium;4-[(7-phenyl-3-sulfobenzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-5-yl)amino]benzenesulfonate 25641-18-3 C28H19N3NaO6S2+
    Sodium;4-[(7-phenyl-3-sulfobenzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-5-yl)amino]benzenesulfonate
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3E,5Z,8S,9E,11S,12R,13E,15E,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate 873857-62-6 C52H74Cl2O18
    [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3E,5Z,8S,9E,11S,12R,13E,15E,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chromenylium chloride 27214-72-8 C20H19ClO10
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chromenylium chloride
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24S,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24S,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— cyclo[Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Val-D-N(Me)Bmt(E)] 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    cyclo[Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Val-D-N(Me)Bmt(E)]
    —— rhodojaponin II 26116-89-2 C22H34O7
    rhodojaponin II
    —— Jujuboside A1 194851-84-8 C58H94O26
    Jujuboside A1
    —— (1R,3R,6R,7S,8S)-2,2,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol 5986-55-0 C15H26O
    (1R,3R,6R,7S,8S)-2,2,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol
    —— (1S,2S,5S,8R,10S,11R,15S,18S)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    (1S,2S,5S,8R,10S,11R,15S,18S)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one
    —— methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,14R,15Z,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,14R,15Z,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— Luteolin-7-O-neohesperidosid 25694-72-8 C27H30O15
    Luteolin-7-O-neohesperidosid
    —— (2E)-{(4R,5S,6S)-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene}acetonitrile 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    (2E)-{(4R,5S,6S)-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene}acetonitrile
    —— (2R,5R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid 131-48-6 C11H19NO9
    (2R,5R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— notoginsenoside-R2 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
    notoginsenoside-R2
    —— [(1S,5R,8R,13R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 2752-64-9 C33H45NO11
    [(1S,5R,8R,13R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,5'S,6S,7S,8S,9R,12R,13R,15S,16S,18R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,5'S,6S,7S,8S,9R,12R,13R,15S,16S,18R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— cyclo[DL-Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Val-N(Me)Bmt(E)] 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    cyclo[DL-Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Val-N(Me)Bmt(E)]
    —— 3-chloro-L-tyrosine ; hydrochloride 35608-63-0 C9H10ClNO3*ClH
    3-chloro-L-tyrosine ; hydrochloride
    —— (1S,4Z,9R)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione 58735-64-1 C22H23N5O2
    (1S,4Z,9R)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 13463-28-0 C27H32O15
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 102115-79-7 C51H82O21
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— benzyl N-[(2R)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2R)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]carbamate 88191-84-8 C22H26N2O4
    benzyl N-[(2R)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2R)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]carbamate
    —— 1-[(Z)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine 25875-51-8 C15H13Cl2N5
    1-[(Z)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 21637-25-2 C21H20O12
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
    —— (S)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid 1310680-43-3 C9H14F3NO4
    (S)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid
    —— (R)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid 1310680-29-5 C9H14F3NO4
    (R)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid
    —— Asiaticoside 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    Asiaticoside
    —— 3-O-(Glcb1-3Galb1-2-(Xylb1-3)-Glcb1-4Galb)-(25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,15beta-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    3-O-(Glcb1-3Galb1-2-(Xylb1-3)-Glcb1-4Galb)-(25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,15beta-triol
    —— Salicortin 29836-41-7 C20H24O10
    Salicortin
    —— Syk Inhibitor IV, BAY 61-3606 648903-57-5 C20H19ClN6O3
    Syk Inhibitor IV, BAY 61-3606
    —— [(1R,2S,3E,5R,7R,9E,11R,12S,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    [(1R,2S,3E,5R,7R,9E,11R,12S,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate
    —— [(3~{S},4~{S})-3-methoxyoxan-4-yl]-[(1~{R},3~{S})-3-propan-2-yl-3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydro-5~{H}-1,6-naphthyridin-6-yl]carbonyl]cyclopentyl]azanium 624733-88-6 C24H35F3N3O3+
    [(3~{S},4~{S})-3-methoxyoxan-4-yl]-[(1~{R},3~{S})-3-propan-2-yl-3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydro-5~{H}-1,6-naphthyridin-6-yl]carbonyl]cyclopentyl]azanium
    —— GlcNAc beta(1-3)GalNAc-alpha-pNP 125455-64-3 C22H31N3O13
    GlcNAc beta(1-3)GalNAc-alpha-pNP
    —— 4-tert-butyl hydrogen N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-aspartate, compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) 23632-70-4 C12H23N*C16H21NO6
    4-tert-butyl hydrogen N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-aspartate, compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)
    —— [(1S,2R,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride 55-16-3 C17H22ClNO4
    [(1S,2R,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride
    —— sodium;N-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)sulfamate 38899-05-7 C6H12NNaO8S
    sodium;N-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)sulfamate
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-2-methyldec-9-enoic acid 288617-75-4 C26H31NO4
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-2-methyldec-9-enoic acid
    —— Dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pent-4-enoate 143979-15-1 C10H17NO4*C12H23N
    Dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pent-4-enoate
    —— (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate 132388-65-9 C45H33F5N2O5
    (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate
    —— DL-t-Boc-Asnol 30044-67-8 C9H18N2O4
    DL-t-Boc-Asnol
    —— Sodium naphthalen-2-yl hexopyranosiduronate 20838-64-6 C16H15NaO7
    Sodium naphthalen-2-yl hexopyranosiduronate
    —— 6-Bromo-4-chloroquinazolin-2-amine 1260862-26-7 C8H5BrClN3
    6-Bromo-4-chloroquinazolin-2-amine
    —— 2-Amino-2-methylhept-6-enoic acid 1196090-89-7 C8H15NO2
    2-Amino-2-methylhept-6-enoic acid
    —— 1-Tert-butyl 5-methyl 2-aminopentanedioate hydrochloride 23736-76-7 C10H19NO4*ClH
    1-Tert-butyl 5-methyl 2-aminopentanedioate hydrochloride
    —— 6-Chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-cellobioside 425427-87-8 C20H26ClNO11
    6-Chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-cellobioside
    —— Heparitin sulfate 9050-30-0 C14H25NO21S3
    Heparitin sulfate
    —— Sialyllacto-N-tetraose a 64003-53-8 C37H62N2O29
    Sialyllacto-N-tetraose a
    —— trans-3-Hydroxycotinine glucuronide 132929-88-5 C16H20N2O8
    trans-3-Hydroxycotinine glucuronide
    —— Cysteineglutathione disulfide 13081-14-6 C13H22N4O8S2
    Cysteineglutathione disulfide