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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Methyl-6-methylidene-9-(propan-2-yl)-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0^{1,5}]undecan-8-ol 4871-97-0 C15H24O2
    2-Methyl-6-methylidene-9-(propan-2-yl)-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0^{1,5}]undecan-8-ol
    —— Hocogenin 467-55-0 C27H42O4
    Hocogenin
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-[11-hydroxy-2-[4-[4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl)butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    2-hydroxy-3-[11-hydroxy-2-[4-[4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl)butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— sobetirome 211110-63-3 C20H24O4
    sobetirome
    —— Cyclosiversioside F 84687-43-4 C41H68O14
    Cyclosiversioside F
    —— Gypsogenin 639-14-5 C30H46O4
    Gypsogenin
    —— Prolyl-glutaminsaeure 67644-00-2 C10H16N2O5
    Prolyl-glutaminsaeure
    —— N-Oxysophocarpine 26904-64-3 C15H22N2O2
    N-Oxysophocarpine
    —— 8-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione 4839-60-5 C21H20O9
    8-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione
    —— Aethyl-N,S-diacetylcysteinat 19547-89-8 C9H15NO4S
    Aethyl-N,S-diacetylcysteinat
    —— N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-isoleucine 13139-16-7 C11H21NO4
    N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-isoleucine
    —— Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside 55033-90-4 C28H32O16
    Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside
    —— 5-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-YL)-1-(piperidin-1-YL)pent-2-EN-1-one 23512-46-1 C17H21NO3
    5-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-YL)-1-(piperidin-1-YL)pent-2-EN-1-one
    —— H-Cys(Acm) 19647-70-2 C6H12N2O3S
    H-Cys(Acm)
    —— 3ξ-hydroxy-(5ξ)-androstan-17-one 53-41-8 C19H30O2
    3ξ-hydroxy-(5ξ)-androstan-17-one
    —— 5-Ethyl-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 15176-29-1 C11H16N2O5
    5-Ethyl-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol 32791-84-7 C30H52O4
    4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
    —— (+/-)-Steviol 471-80-7 C20H30O3
    (+/-)-Steviol
    —— 5-(3,14-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pyran-2-one 465-20-3 C24H34O4
    5-(3,14-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pyran-2-one
    —— 6-(3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 100665-41-6 C30H42O7
    6-(3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
    —— adenosine 2'-monophosphate 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    adenosine 2'-monophosphate
    —— 7-((2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-4-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one 36476-29-6 C18H21NO8
    7-((2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-4-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
    —— 2-[4-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)phenoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 73255-40-0 C14H17NO5S
    2-[4-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)phenoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— cyclopamine 4449-51-8 C27H41NO2
    cyclopamine
    —— neocryptolepine 114414-78-7 C16H12N2
    neocryptolepine
    —— DL-xylose 9000-69-5 C5H10O5
    DL-xylose
    —— danshenxinkun C 65907-77-9 C16H12O3
    danshenxinkun C
    —— 12,17-Dihydroxy-3,8,12,17,21,25-hexamethyl-6,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13.9.2.01,16.02,14.04,13.05,9.020,24]hexacosa-3,25-diene-7,22-dione 1362-42-1 C30H40O6
    12,17-Dihydroxy-3,8,12,17,21,25-hexamethyl-6,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13.9.2.01,16.02,14.04,13.05,9.020,24]hexacosa-3,25-diene-7,22-dione
    —— 2-[2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 51542-56-4 C48H82O18
    2-[2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Panaxadiol 19666-76-3 C30H52O3
    Panaxadiol
    —— N,N'-bis-benzyloxycarbonylcystine 6968-11-2 C22H24N2O8S2
    N,N'-bis-benzyloxycarbonylcystine
    —— n-Propylmercaptursaeure 14402-54-1 C8H15NO3S
    n-Propylmercaptursaeure
    —— beta-D-Fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)- 20880-92-6 C12H20O6
    beta-D-Fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-
    —— DL-Val-DL-Ile 20556-14-3 C11H22N2O3
    DL-Val-DL-Ile
    —— diacetone galactose 4064-06-6 C12H20O6
    diacetone galactose
    —— rhamnose 75247-25-5 C6H12O5
    rhamnose
    —— 3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 104472-68-6 C34H42O20
    3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-dl-proline 51-35-4 C5H9NO3
    3-hydroxy-dl-proline
    —— Restasis 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    Restasis
    —— Homo-orientin 28608-75-5 C21H20O11
    Homo-orientin
    —— Pikrotoxinin 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    Pikrotoxinin
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 7506-65-2 C6H10O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    cholestan-3-one
    —— Ara-utp 19817-92-6 C9H15N2O15P3
    Ara-utp
    —— Cytidine triphosphate disodium salt 36051-68-0 C9H16N3O14P3
    Cytidine triphosphate disodium salt
    —— 2-([[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl]amino)-2-phenylacetic acid 111524-95-9 C23H19NO4
    2-([[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl]amino)-2-phenylacetic acid
    —— Telecinobufagin 472-26-4 C24H34O5
    Telecinobufagin
    —— Crocetin 27876-94-4 C20H24O4
    Crocetin
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-phenylalanyl-arginine 1238-09-1 C15H23N5O3
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-phenylalanyl-arginine
    —— 7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol 1354-84-3 C22H33NO2
    7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol