生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(([3-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺酰基)氨基)乙酸 | ({[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}amino)acetic acid | 85845-02-9 | C9H8F3NO4S |
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((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代己烷-2-基)氨基)戊-2-基)氨基甲酸苄酯 | calpeptin | 117591-20-5 | C20H30N2O4 |
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((2r,3r)-1,3-二羟基-2-丁基)氨基甲酸苄酯 | benzyl N-[(2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]carbamate | 71811-27-3 | C12H17NO4 |
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—— | (S,E)-methyl 7-(1-(2-(2-ethylbutylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-ylamino)-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamido)-7-oxohept-2-enoate | 9001-47-2 | C26H36N6O6 |
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—— | (R)-2-amino-5-((R)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid | 2566-39-4 | C11H20N2O5 |
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—— | (1S)-(-)-α-pinene | 7785-26-4 | C10H16 |
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—— | eldecalcitol | 104121-92-8 | C30H50O5 |
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—— | (1R,3R,4R,7S)-3-(6-benzamido-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite | 206055-79-0 | C48H52N7O8P |
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—— | (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''->2')-O-β-D-galactopyranoside | 41059-79-4 | C39H64O13 |
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—— | fidaxomicin | 873857-62-6 | C52H74Cl2O18 |
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—— | AGN 194310 | 229961-45-9 | C28H24O2S |
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—— | Pyr6 | 245747-08-4 | C17H9F7N4O |
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—— | ((1S)-1-((((1S)-1-benzyl-2,3-dioxo-3-(cyclopropylamino)propyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester | 854402-59-8 | C25H37N3O7 |
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—— | 3-iodo-1-<5'-<5''-(4'''-methylpiperazin-1'''-yl)benzimidazol-2''-yl>benzimidazol-2'-yl>benzene | 158013-42-4 | C25H23IN6 |
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—— | 2-iodo-1-<5'-<5''-(4'''-methylpiperazin-1'''-yl)benzimidazol-2''-yl>benzimidazol-2'-yl>benzene | 158013-41-3 | C25H23IN6 |
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—— | (Z)-3-(N'-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide | 289893-23-8 | C14H20ClN3O3 |
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—— | (+/-)-K252a | 99533-80-9 | C27H21N3O5 |
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—— | ciliobrevin A | 302803-72-1 | C17H9Cl2N3O2 |
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—— | CFTRinh-172 | 307510-92-5 | C18H10F3NO3S2 |
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—— | thiamet-G | 1009816-48-1 | C9H16N2O4S |
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—— | PF-00835231 | 870153-29-0 | C24H32N4O6 |
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—— | (-)-1,6-Anhydro-α-L-gulopyranose | 498-07-7 | C6H10O5 |
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—— | S(tBu) | 18783-53-4 | C7H15NO3 |
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—— | (8R*,9S*,11S*)-(-)-9-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-methyl-2,3,9,10-tetrahydro-8,11-epoxy-1H, 8H, 11H-2, 7b, 11a-triazadibenzo(a,g)cycloocta(cde)trinden-1-one | 97161-97-2 | C27H21N3O5 |
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—— | N-[({[(1E)-1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidene]amino}oxy)(dimethylamino)-methylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium tetrafluoroborate | 136849-72-4 | BF4*C10H17N4O3 |
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—— | 2,3,5,4'‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside | 55327-45-2 | C20H22O9 |
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—— | magnesium glutamate | 18543-68-5 | C5H7NO4*Mg |
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—— | epothilone A | 152044-53-6 | C26H39NO6S |
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—— | cis-Merocyanine 540 | 62796-23-0 | C26H32N3O6S2*Na |
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—— | 7-(O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannpyranosyl-(1→2)-[O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxo-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 260413-62-5 | C33H40O18 |
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—— | Fmoc-pentafluorophenylalanine | 205526-32-5 | C24H16F5NO4 |
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—— | flavopiridol hydrochloride | 131740-09-5 | C21H20ClNO5*ClH |
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—— | (±)-cis-3-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 352707-75-6 | C23H23NO4 |
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—— | 4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid | 149709-62-6 | C24H29NO5 |
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—— | Asp-Trp | 71835-79-5 | C15H17N3O5 |
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—— | lanreotide acetate | 127984-74-1 | C2H4O2*C54H69N11O10S2 |
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—— | gomisin H | 66056-20-0 | C23H30O7 |
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—— | T16Ainh-A01 | 552309-42-9 | C19H20N4O3S2 |
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—— | hydroxyoxoindolylalanine | 184955-21-3 | C11H12N2O4 |
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—— | 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose | 56883-39-7 | C6H11N3O5 |
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—— | DL-nebivolol hydrochloride | 152520-56-4 | C22H25F2NO4*ClH |
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—— | sarcosine t-butyl ester hydrochloride | 5616-81-9 | C7H16NO2*Cl |
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—— | E-(Boc)lysine | 2418-95-3 | C11H22N2O4 |
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—— | 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)urea | 249889-64-3 | C17H13N5O2 |
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—— | 2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-(2-morpholino-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-1-yl)acetamide | 881375-00-4 | C33H34N4O4S |
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—— | 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 26544-34-3 | C26H28O14 |
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—— | L(+)-Arabinose, 99+% | 87-72-9 | C5H10O5 |
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—— | [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,13R,14R,17S)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
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—— | Trimethyl-[2-[4-oxo-4-[2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethoxy]butanoyl]oxyethyl]azanium;chloride;hydrate | 6101-15-1 | C14H32ClN2O5+ |
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—— | Morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(2-propenyl)-,hydrochloride, dihydrate, (5a)- | 51481-60-8 | C19H24ClNO5 |
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