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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-glucose 134451-94-8 C8H15NO6
    2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-glucose
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (6aR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 340982-22-1 C54H88O24
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (6aR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— calycosin-7-glucoside 20633-67-4 C22H22O10
    calycosin-7-glucoside
    —— (25R)-Spirost-5-en-3-yl alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->4)-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)]-(4xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranoside 50773-41-6 C44H70O16
    (25R)-Spirost-5-en-3-yl alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->4)-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)]-(4xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranoside
    —— Pubchem_71571455 84680-75-1 C43H68O16
    Pubchem_71571455
    —— L-alpha-Aspartyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-alloisoleucyl-L-histidyl-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidine 34273-12-6 C56H78N16O13
    L-alpha-Aspartyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-alloisoleucyl-L-histidyl-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidine
    —— (1R,3S,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,7Ar)-1-[(2R)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 129831-99-8 C27H42O3
    (1R,3S,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,7Ar)-1-[(2R)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— PF-543 (Citrate) 1415562-83-2 C33H39NO11S
    PF-543 (Citrate)
    —— Aivvggvmlgiiagknsgvdeaffvlkqhhveygsdhrfead 317366-82-8 C203H311N55O60S
    Aivvggvmlgiiagknsgvdeaffvlkqhhveygsdhrfead
    —— H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-D-xiThr-OH 134500-80-4 C207H318N56O62S
    H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-D-xiThr-OH
    —— H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Gly-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Phe-Glu-Val-Arg-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-OH 166090-74-0 C199H307N53O59S
    H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Gly-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Phe-Glu-Val-Arg-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-OH
    —— L-Glutaminylvalyl-L-prolylseryl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)ornithyl-L-prolyl-L-asparaginyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-alanyl-L-proline 251634-21-6 C47H80N18O14
    L-Glutaminylvalyl-L-prolylseryl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)ornithyl-L-prolyl-L-asparaginyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-alanyl-L-proline
    —— Kojic dipalmitate 79725-98-7 C37H64O6
    Kojic dipalmitate
    —— D-Erythro-pentitol, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-(((1R,3S)-3-((7,8-dihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)carbonyl)-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopentyl)amino)-4-o-methyl- 624733-88-6 C24H36F3N3O2
    D-Erythro-pentitol, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-(((1R,3S)-3-((7,8-dihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)carbonyl)-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopentyl)amino)-4-o-methyl-
    —— Acetyl octapeptide-3 868844-74-0 C42H72N16O15S
    Acetyl octapeptide-3
    —— Acetyl hexapeptide-3 616204-22-9 C35H62N14O11S
    Acetyl hexapeptide-3
    —— Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane-1-carboxamide, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)- 915385-81-8 C23H25ClN2O
    Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane-1-carboxamide, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-
    —— Leupeptin hemisulfate monohydrate 1082207-96-2 C40H82N12O14S
    Leupeptin hemisulfate monohydrate
    —— (2S,3R,4R)[[2-[[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl ]methyl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]-amino]acetic acid dihydrate 170098-38-1 C25H32N2O4*2H2O
    (2S,3R,4R)[[2-[[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl ]methyl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]-amino]acetic acid dihydrate
    —— zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate 9000-07-1 C23H23FN4O7Zn
    zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-methyl-6-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[(1S,2S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 76296-74-7 C51H82O20
    (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-methyl-6-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[(1S,2S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— (E)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 423148-78-1 C14H7ClFN3O5
    (E)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— Sucrose 6'-Acetate, Technical grade 80% 936001-72-8 C14H24O12
    Sucrose 6'-Acetate, Technical grade 80%
    —— D-Xylonic acid--water (1/1) 72656-08-7 C5H12O7
    D-Xylonic acid--water (1/1)
    —— 7,3'-Di-O-glucosylluteolin 52187-80-1 C27H30O16
    7,3'-Di-O-glucosylluteolin
    —— Anthocyanidin, Malvidin-3-glucoside-chloride 7228-78-6 C23H25O12*Cl
    Anthocyanidin, Malvidin-3-glucoside-chloride
    —— titan yellow 1829-00-1 C28H19N5O6S4*2Na
    titan yellow
    —— CBB1007 1379573-92-8 C27H34N8O4
    CBB1007
    —— 1-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 423148-78-1 C14H7ClFN3O5
    1-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— Unii-62los9TW6D 23094-69-1 C27H22O18
    Unii-62los9TW6D
    —— 4-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside 125455-64-3 C22H31N3O13
    4-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 4-(1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine hydrochloride 950912-80-8 C19H20FN5*(x)ClH
    4-(1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine hydrochloride
    —— Thymopentine 69558-55-0 C30H49N9O9
    Thymopentine
    —— [(1S,4S,5S,6R,9S,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate 75567-37-2 C25H34O6
    [(1S,4S,5S,6R,9S,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate 153504-70-2 C20H38Cl2N2O3S2
    (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate
    —— Glucosamine Sulfate 14999-43-0 C12H28N2O14S
    Glucosamine Sulfate
    —— 1H,3H-Furo(3,4-C)furan, 1alpha-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3abeta,4,6,6abeta-tetrahydro-4beta-((3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl)- 31008-19-2 C21H24O6
    1H,3H-Furo(3,4-C)furan, 1alpha-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3abeta,4,6,6abeta-tetrahydro-4beta-((3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl)-
    —— dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate 22823-50-3 C10H19NO4S*C12H23N
    dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate
    —— (2S,3R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentol 585-88-6 C12H24O11
    (2S,3R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentol
    —— 7-[3-[(4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 26544-34-3 C26H28O14
    7-[3-[(4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— (18E)-12-[(E)-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (18E)-12-[(E)-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— (2S,5R)-2-[[(3S,6R)-6-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate 17629-30-0 C18H42O21
    (2S,5R)-2-[[(3S,6R)-6-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate
    —— cyclosporin A 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    cyclosporin A
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 8060-28-4 C61H88O8
    3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— Kwan-Fu Base A 1394-48-5 C24H31NO6
    Kwan-Fu Base A
    —— 3-Deoxyaconitine 3175-95-9 C34H47NO10
    3-Deoxyaconitine
    —— [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,7S,8S,13R,14R,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-2,5,7,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 76918-93-9 C33H45NO12
    [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,7S,8S,13R,14R,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-2,5,7,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide 88642-46-0 C41H77NO9
    2-hydroxy-N-[(4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide
    —— 5-amino-4-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxo)methyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 292150-20-0 C20H20N2O5
    5-amino-4-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxo)methyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid