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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(1S,4S,5S,6R,9S,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate 75567-37-2 C25H34O6
    [(1S,4S,5S,6R,9S,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— Uprosertib hydrochloride 1047635-80-2 C18H17Cl3F2N4O2
    Uprosertib hydrochloride
    —— (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate 153504-70-2 C20H38Cl2N2O3S2
    (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate
    —— Glucosamine Sulfate 14999-43-0 C12H28N2O14S
    Glucosamine Sulfate
    —— 1H,3H-Furo(3,4-C)furan, 1alpha-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3abeta,4,6,6abeta-tetrahydro-4beta-((3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl)- 31008-19-2 C21H24O6
    1H,3H-Furo(3,4-C)furan, 1alpha-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3abeta,4,6,6abeta-tetrahydro-4beta-((3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl)-
    —— dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate 22823-50-3 C10H19NO4S*C12H23N
    dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate
    —— (2S,3R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentol 585-88-6 C12H24O11
    (2S,3R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentol
    —— (11S,11aS)-4-((2S,5S)-37-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-4,7,35-trioxo-10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-octaoxa-3,6,34-triazaheptatriacontanamido)benzyl 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate 1595275-62-9 C75H101N9O23
    (11S,11aS)-4-((2S,5S)-37-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-4,7,35-trioxo-10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-octaoxa-3,6,34-triazaheptatriacontanamido)benzyl 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate
    —— 7-[3-[(4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 26544-34-3 C26H28O14
    7-[3-[(4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— (18E)-12-[(E)-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (18E)-12-[(E)-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— (2S,5R)-2-[[(3S,6R)-6-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate 17629-30-0 C18H42O21
    (2S,5R)-2-[[(3S,6R)-6-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate
    —— cyclosporin A 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    cyclosporin A
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 8060-28-4 C61H88O8
    3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— Kwan-Fu Base A 1394-48-5 C24H31NO6
    Kwan-Fu Base A
    —— 3-Deoxyaconitine 3175-95-9 C34H47NO10
    3-Deoxyaconitine
    —— [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,7S,8S,13R,14R,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-2,5,7,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 76918-93-9 C33H45NO12
    [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,7S,8S,13R,14R,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-2,5,7,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide 88642-46-0 C41H77NO9
    2-hydroxy-N-[(4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide
    —— L-Valine, L-alanyl-L-prolylglycyl-L-valylglycyl- 70592-18-6 C22H38N6O7
    L-Valine, L-alanyl-L-prolylglycyl-L-valylglycyl-
    —— 5-amino-4-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxo)methyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 292150-20-0 C20H20N2O5
    5-amino-4-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxo)methyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5) 7216-95-7 C14H18K5N3O10
    Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5)
    —— Tribuloside 22153-44-2 C30H26O13
    Tribuloside
    —— amonafide malate 618863-54-0 C4H6O5*C16H17N3O2
    amonafide malate
    —— Kaempferol 3-glucuronoside 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
    Kaempferol 3-glucuronoside
    —— Escin IIB 158800-83-0 C54H84O23
    Escin IIB
    —— N-acetyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl(valineglycine) 379685-96-8 C16H19F3N2O4
    N-acetyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl(valineglycine)
    —— Arctiin 20362-31-6 C27H34O11
    Arctiin
    —— N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-9-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-12-butan-2-yl-15-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13,16-pentazacycloicosane-3-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
    N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-9-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-12-butan-2-yl-15-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13,16-pentazacycloicosane-3-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— lyciumin A 125708-06-7 C42H51N9O12
    lyciumin A
    —— N-Boc-2-fluoro-D-tyrosine 125218-32-8 C14H18FNO5
    N-Boc-2-fluoro-D-tyrosine
    —— Boc-GGFG-OH 187794-49-6 C20H28N4O7
    Boc-GGFG-OH
    —— ginkgolide J 107438-79-9 C20H24O10
    ginkgolide J
    —— Calcium L-Threonate 70753-61-6 C8H14CaO10
    Calcium L-Threonate
    —— (4-Chlorophenyl) 6-chloro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxylate 1256565-36-2 C25H20Cl2N2O3
    (4-Chlorophenyl) 6-chloro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxylate
    —— Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride 218791-21-0 C21H35MnN5*2Cl
    Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride
    —— Iron saccharate 8047-67-4 C18H24Fe2O24
    Iron saccharate
    —— 4-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzeneamine oxide;hydrochloride 685898-44-6 C13H19Cl3N2O3
    4-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzeneamine oxide;hydrochloride
    —— (2R,4S,5R)-1-(3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 885264-71-1 C26H32N4O5S
    (2R,4S,5R)-1-(3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol 899805-25-5 C21H23F3N6O2
    trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— (3S,4R,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid 17019-92-0 C30H46O4
    (3S,4R,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid
    —— linsitinib 867160-72-3 C26H23N5O
    linsitinib
    —— (7S,8S)-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3'-methoxy-8-methyl-1'-trans-propenylbenzofuran 891182-93-7 C21H24O5
    (7S,8S)-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3'-methoxy-8-methyl-1'-trans-propenylbenzofuran
    —— Galactinol 3687-64-7 C12H22O11
    Galactinol
    —— Mesaconine 6792-09-2 C24H39NO9
    Mesaconine
    —— 14-O-benzoylaconine 466-24-0 C32H45NO10
    14-O-benzoylaconine
    —— EPZ5676 1380288-87-8 C30H42N8O3
    EPZ5676
    —— 3,5-Di-O-p-toluoyl-2-desoxy-L-ribofuranosylchlorid 141846-57-3 C21H21ClO5
    3,5-Di-O-p-toluoyl-2-desoxy-L-ribofuranosylchlorid
    —— (E)-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)azetidine-1-carbothiohydrazide 71555-25-4 C11H14N4S
    (E)-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)azetidine-1-carbothiohydrazide
    —— disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate 3106-17-0 C10H12N5O8P*2Na
    disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate
    —— (S)-2-{(S)-[(1R,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-methoxy-purin-9-yl)-4-(R)-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy]phenoxy-phosphorylamino}propionic acid isopropyl ester 1231747-08-2 C24H32FN6O8P
    (S)-2-{(S)-[(1R,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-methoxy-purin-9-yl)-4-(R)-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy]phenoxy-phosphorylamino}propionic acid isopropyl ester
    —— TIPP 146369-65-5 C37H38N4O6
    TIPP