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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Magnesium;2-azaniumyl-4-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate 18962-61-3 C8H14MgN2O8+2
    Magnesium;2-azaniumyl-4-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate
    —— 4-[3-Chloro-4-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamido)benzenesulfonyl]-n,n-dimethylbenzamide 252017-04-2 C19H18ClF3N2O5S
    4-[3-Chloro-4-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamido)benzenesulfonyl]-n,n-dimethylbenzamide
    —— potassium;[(E)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylbut-3-enylideneamino] sulfate 3952-98-5 C10H16KNO9S2
    potassium;[(E)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylbut-3-enylideneamino] sulfate
    —— Phenethyl glucosinolate potassium salt 499-30-9 C15H21NO9S2
    Phenethyl glucosinolate potassium salt
    —— (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate 86123-11-7 C26H21N2O4-
    (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate
    —— 6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl hexopyranosiduronate 138182-20-4 C14H13ClNO7-
    6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl hexopyranosiduronate
    —— (2R)-2-[(1R)-1-carboxyundecyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid 469-77-2 C17H28O6
    (2R)-2-[(1R)-1-carboxyundecyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— N-(1-Carboxybutyl)ethanimidate 57357-56-9 C7H12NO3-
    N-(1-Carboxybutyl)ethanimidate
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5R)-1,1-Bis-ethylsulfanyl-hexane-2,3,4,5-tetraol 6748-70-5 C10H22O4S2
    (2S,3S,4R,5R)-1,1-Bis-ethylsulfanyl-hexane-2,3,4,5-tetraol
    —— 4-[(7-Phenylbenzo[a]phenazin-5(7H)-ylidene)amino]benzene-1-sulfonic acid 25641-18-3 C28H19N3O3S
    4-[(7-Phenylbenzo[a]phenazin-5(7H)-ylidene)amino]benzene-1-sulfonic acid
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium 14029-02-8 C13H20NO3+
    1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium
    —— 2-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-6-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)hexanoate 105751-18-6 C29H29N2O6-
    2-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-6-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)hexanoate
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(2-methylphenyl)propanoate 135944-06-8 C25H22NO4-
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(2-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate 198545-46-9 C24H19FNO4-
    (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate
    —— (5S,6R,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-5,6-dihydroxyicosa-8,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid 845673-97-4 C20H32O4
    (5S,6R,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-5,6-dihydroxyicosa-8,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid
    —— 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-3-aminium 184637-48-7 C10H21N2O2+
    1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-3-aminium
    —— 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate 220497-68-7 C24H19BrNO4-
    3-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propanoate 119434-75-2 C11H15N2O4S-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propanoate
    —— (R)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid 204322-23-6 C27H22N2O4
    (R)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propanoate 37535-58-3 C13H17N2O4-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propanoate
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(2-methylphenyl)propanoate 139558-50-2 C15H20NO4-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(2-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propanoatato 205528-32-1 C21H17N2O4S-
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propanoatato
    —— 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate 198561-04-5 C24H19BrNO4-
    3-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate
    —— 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate 62129-39-9 C14H17BrNO4-
    3-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate
    —— (4R)-3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate 133054-21-4 C19H16NO4S-
    (4R)-3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate
    —— (2R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-pyridyl)propanoate 98266-32-1 C13H17N2O4-
    (2R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-pyridyl)propanoate
    —— 4-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}cyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate 151907-79-8 C11H16NO4-
    4-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}cyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoatato 130309-35-2 C22H18NO4S-
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoatato
    —— (2R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoate 114873-13-1 C14H16Cl2NO4-
    (2R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-hydroxypropanoate 73724-45-5 C18H16NO5
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-hydroxypropanoate
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-azaniumyl-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate 36077-39-1 C11H22N2O3S
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-azaniumyl-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate
    —— N-[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]-5-imino-5-oxidonorvaline 61348-28-5 C10H17N2O5-
    N-[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]-5-imino-5-oxidonorvaline
    —— (2S)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate 114873-04-0 C14H16Cl2NO4-
    (2S)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate
    —— 5-tert-Butoxy-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-5-oxopentanoate 204251-24-1 C24H26NO6-
    5-tert-Butoxy-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-5-oxopentanoate
    —— 3-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoate 374791-01-2 C24H19N2O6-
    3-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-{1-Benzyl-2-[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]hydrazinyl}-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate 188777-50-6 C23H26N3O4-
    2-{1-Benzyl-2-[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]hydrazinyl}-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate
    —— 1-{[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}azetidine-2-carboxylate 136552-06-2 C19H16NO4-
    1-{[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}azetidine-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoate 145206-40-2 C12H16NO5-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoate
    —— Boc-D-alpha-(5-bromothienyl)alanine 261380-16-9 C12H15BrNO4S-
    Boc-D-alpha-(5-bromothienyl)alanine
    —— 3-(2-Bromophenyl)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate 261360-76-3 C14H17BrNO4-
    3-(2-Bromophenyl)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate
    —— 3-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-phenylpropanoate 209252-15-3 C24H20NO4-
    3-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-phenylpropanoate
    —— 3-(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate 220497-50-7 C22H17BrNO4S-
    3-(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butan-2-aminium 87206-44-8 C5H14NOS+
    1-Hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butan-2-aminium
    —— (2R,4R)-2-azaniumyl-4-methylpentanedioate 166756-77-0 C6H10NO4-
    (2R,4R)-2-azaniumyl-4-methylpentanedioate
    —— 1-Carboxy-4-(N'-methylcarbamimidamido)butan-1-aminium 137694-75-8 C7H17N4O2+
    1-Carboxy-4-(N'-methylcarbamimidamido)butan-1-aminium
    —— 3-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate 47173-80-8 C15H20NO5-
    3-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[tert-butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}propanoate
    —— (R)-2-((Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-YL)propanoate 50654-94-9 C11H16N3O4-
    (R)-2-((Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-YL)propanoate
    —— 3-(4-Cyanophenyl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate 205526-34-7 C25H19N2O4-
    3-(4-Cyanophenyl)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)propanoate
    —— Fmoc-D-2-pyridylalanine 185379-39-9 C23H19N2O4-
    Fmoc-D-2-pyridylalanine
    —— 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroisonicotinic acid ethyl ester 130309-33-0 C25H20NO4-
    1-Benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroisonicotinic acid ethyl ester