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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-chloropurine riboside 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    6-chloropurine riboside
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Carbetocin 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
    Carbetocin
    —— [(3aR,5S,6R,6aR)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl] methanesulfonate 5450-26-0 C13H22O8S
    [(3aR,5S,6R,6aR)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl] methanesulfonate
    —— ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate 4526-93-6 C15H20N2O6
    ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate
    —— benzoylmesaconine 63238-67-5 C31H43NO10
    benzoylmesaconine
    —— Ile-Pro 37462-92-3 C11H20N2O3
    Ile-Pro
    —— Boc-Ile-ONP 16948-38-2 C17H24N2O6
    Boc-Ile-ONP
    —— Bax channel blocker 335165-68-9 C19H21Br2N3O
    Bax channel blocker
    —— epieudesmin 526-06-7 C22H26O6
    epieudesmin
    —— yunaconitine 70578-24-4 C35H49NO11
    yunaconitine
    —— N-Octadecanoyl-D-alanine 886202-59-1 C21H41NO3
    N-Octadecanoyl-D-alanine
    —— 5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure 1032-65-1 C9H14N3O7P
    5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure
    —— (1R,2S,6R,8R)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-7-ol 52579-97-2 C9H14O5
    (1R,2S,6R,8R)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-7-ol
    —— D-leucylglycine 997-05-7 C8H16N2O3
    D-leucylglycine
    —— N-Cbz-L-threonine methyl ester 57224-63-2 C13H17NO5
    N-Cbz-L-threonine methyl ester
    —— Diosmetin-7-O-α-D-glucopyranosid 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    Diosmetin-7-O-α-D-glucopyranosid
    —— diosmetin-7-O-glucoside 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    diosmetin-7-O-glucoside
    —— diosmetin 7-O-glucoside 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    diosmetin 7-O-glucoside
    —— (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)oct-7-enoic acid 1251904-51-4 C23H25NO4
    (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)oct-7-enoic acid
    —— Z-Thr-OBzl 16597-50-5 C19H21NO5
    Z-Thr-OBzl
    —— Phosphocreatine monosodium salt hydrate 922-32-7 C4H11N3NaO6P
    Phosphocreatine monosodium salt hydrate
    —— (Leu31,pro34)-neuropeptide Y (porcine) 125580-28-1 C190H286N54O56
    (Leu31,pro34)-neuropeptide Y (porcine)
    —— 4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(6-((diethylamino)methyl)-2-pyridinyl)ethenyl)-6-fluoro- 199655-36-2 C26H24ClFN4O
    4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(6-((diethylamino)methyl)-2-pyridinyl)ethenyl)-6-fluoro-
    —— (1R,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28S,30R,31R,33S,35R,40S,41S,42S,43S,44S,45S,46R,47S,48R,49S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(2-hydroxypropoxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol 128446-35-5 C63H112O42
    (1R,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28S,30R,31R,33S,35R,40S,41S,42S,43S,44S,45S,46R,47S,48R,49S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(2-hydroxypropoxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol
    —— 1,3,4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,13,13a-Dodecahydro-2H-6,13-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-e]azocine 56293-29-9 C15H24N2
    1,3,4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,13,13a-Dodecahydro-2H-6,13-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-e]azocine
    —— ACTH (1-39), human 12279-41-3 C207H308N56O58S
    ACTH (1-39), human
    —— Hydride Q resin 68988-57-8 C10H26ClO4Si2
    Hydride Q resin
    —— Azure B eosinate 62298-42-4 C50H38Br4N6O5S2
    Azure B eosinate
    —— 3-Amino-L-tyrosine dihydrochloride monohydrate 23279-22-3 C9H16Cl2N2O4
    3-Amino-L-tyrosine dihydrochloride monohydrate
    —— N-(4-Diazonio-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl)benzenaminide--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 14726-28-4 C15H14ClN3O2
    N-(4-Diazonio-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl)benzenaminide--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate 125700-67-6 C11H16BF4N5O
    2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
    —— Leupeptin hemisulfate anhydrous 55123-66-5 C40H78N12O12S
    Leupeptin hemisulfate anhydrous
    —— alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate dipotassium salt pentahydrate 19046-60-7 C6H21K2O14P
    alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate dipotassium salt pentahydrate
    —— Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt (reduced form) 2646-71-1 C21H34N7Na4O21P3
    Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt (reduced form)
    —— disodium;1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[[[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidate 24292-60-2 C21H26N7Na2O17P3
    disodium;1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[[[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidate
    —— (R)-S-cyclopropyl-S-(4-{[4-{[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]oxy}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)sulphoximide 1223498-69-8 C18H21F3N4O3S
    (R)-S-cyclopropyl-S-(4-{[4-{[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]oxy}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)sulphoximide
    —— arginine methyl ester hydrochloride 18598-71-5 C7H16N4O2*ClH
    arginine methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270062-87-8 C10H13ClN2O4
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Aminohex-5-enoic acid hydrochloride 270263-02-0 C6H12ClNO2
    (S)-3-Aminohex-5-enoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(2-methylphenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270062-89-0 C11H16ClNO2
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(2-methylphenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(3-fluorophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270596-50-4 C10H13ClFNO2
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(3-fluorophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270063-50-8 C10H12Cl3NO2
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(3-cyanophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270065-85-5 C11H13ClN2O2
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(3-cyanophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (S)-3-Amino-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 270065-79-7 C11H13ClF3NO2
    (S)-3-Amino-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-3,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3<i>H</i>-benz[<i>c</i>][1,2]oxathiol-1,1-dioxide 77172-72-6 C19H10Br4O5S
    4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-3,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3<i>H</i>-benz[<i>c</i>][1,2]oxathiol-1,1-dioxide
    —— N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-tyrosine dicyclohexylamine salt 16879-90-6 C12H23N*C21H25NO5
    N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-tyrosine dicyclohexylamine salt
    —— (S)-3-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-butanoic acid 270062-84-5 C10H12BrNO2
    (S)-3-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-butanoic acid
    —— BOC-Cha*Dicyclohexylamin 37462-62-7 C12H23N*C14H25NO4
    BOC-Cha*Dicyclohexylamin
    —— N-[9-[5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-6-yl]benzamide 81246-82-4 C38H35N5O7
    N-[9-[5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-6-yl]benzamide