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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(6-Amino-8-bromo-9H-purin-9-YL)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol 2946-39-6 C10H12BrN5O4
    2-(6-Amino-8-bromo-9H-purin-9-YL)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
    —— cinobufagin 470-37-1 C26H34O6
    cinobufagin
    —— Picrotin, analytical standard 21416-53-5 C15H18O7
    Picrotin, analytical standard
    —— 5-(7-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82601-41-0 C21H26O7
    5-(7-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— homoarginine 156-86-5 C7H16N4O2
    homoarginine
    —— coniferyl ferulate 63644-62-2 C20H20O6
    coniferyl ferulate
    —— Yinyanghuo D 174286-25-0 C20H18O5
    Yinyanghuo D
    —— 3-chloro-cholest-5-ene 910-31-6 C27H45Cl
    3-chloro-cholest-5-ene
    —— Soyasaponin III 55304-02-4 C42H68O14
    Soyasaponin III
    —— [1-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-3-(11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl] acetate 26575-95-1 C32H50O5
    [1-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-3-(11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl] acetate
    —— Ecdysteron 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    Ecdysteron
    —— histidinylleucine 7763-65-7 C12H20N4O3
    histidinylleucine
    —— 8-chloro-adenosine 34408-14-5 C10H12ClN5O4
    8-chloro-adenosine
    —— 3-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid 159002-17-2 C8H16N2O4
    3-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid
    —— [5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-4-fluorooxolan-2-yl]methanol 110143-10-7 C10H12FN5O2
    [5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-4-fluorooxolan-2-yl]methanol
    —— pseudo-F11 69884-00-0 C42H72O14
    pseudo-F11
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 55696-57-6 C33H40O20
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one
    —— N-[(fluoren-9-yl)methoxylcarbonyl]-glutamic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 71989-18-9 C24H27NO6
    N-[(fluoren-9-yl)methoxylcarbonyl]-glutamic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
    —— Hippurylarginin 744-46-7 C15H21N5O4
    Hippurylarginin
    —— 9-Hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carbaldehyde 13159-28-9 C30H48O2
    9-Hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carbaldehyde
    —— Breviscapine 116122-36-2 C21H18O12
    Breviscapine
    —— 9-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-xylofuranosyl) adenine 24807-84-9 C10H14N6O3
    9-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-xylofuranosyl) adenine
    —— (S)-4',7-Dihydroxy-3',8-diprenylflavanone 59870-65-4 C25H28O4
    (S)-4',7-Dihydroxy-3',8-diprenylflavanone
    —— 4-[[3,3-dimethyl-2-[[3-methyl-2-(methylamino)-3-phenylbutanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-methylamino]-2,5-dimethylhex-2-enoic acid 228266-40-8 C27H43N3O4
    4-[[3,3-dimethyl-2-[[3-methyl-2-(methylamino)-3-phenylbutanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-methylamino]-2,5-dimethylhex-2-enoic acid
    —— rac-Estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione 5173-46-6 C18H22O2
    rac-Estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione
    —— 2-[2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol 56038-13-2 C12H19Cl3O8
    2-[2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
    —— 6-O-Glucosylmaltose 11078-30-1 C18H32O16
    6-O-Glucosylmaltose
    —— Ferulenol, 3-(1-Farnesyl)-4-hydroxy-cumarin 6805-34-1 C24H30O3
    Ferulenol, 3-(1-Farnesyl)-4-hydroxy-cumarin
    —— Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside 14941-08-3 C28H34O14
    Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside
    —— 2-(6-Benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol 4294-16-0 C17H19N5O4
    2-(6-Benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol
    —— 6-[[8a-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 15588-68-8 C80H126O44
    6-[[8a-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Soyasaponin Aa 117230-33-8 C64H100O31
    Soyasaponin Aa
    —— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucine 3160-59-6 C14H19NO4
    N-benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucine
    —— N-Acetyl-DL-prolin 1074-79-9 C7H11NO3
    N-Acetyl-DL-prolin
    —— N-Methylalanin 600-21-5 C4H9NO2
    N-Methylalanin
    —— 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine 605-23-2 C10H14N2O6
    1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine
    —— [2-[(4-ethenyl-8-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)benzoate 21018-84-8 C29H30O13
    [2-[(4-ethenyl-8-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)benzoate
    —— Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate 651-48-9 C19H28O5S
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
    —— Silidianine pound>>Silydianin 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    Silidianine pound>>Silydianin
    —— Jervin 469-59-0 C27H39NO3
    Jervin
    —— (20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 78214-33-2 C36H62O8
    (20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2
    —— Asiaticoside A 34540-22-2 C48H78O20
    Asiaticoside A
    —— Cystine-glutathione 13081-14-6 C13H22N4O8S2
    Cystine-glutathione
    —— Kuwanon G 75629-19-5 C40H36O11
    Kuwanon G