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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Cdk2 inhibitor III 199986-75-9 C20H28N6O3
    Cdk2 inhibitor III
    —— Vapreotida 103222-11-3 C57H70N12O9S2
    Vapreotida
    —— Fmoc-L-3-(2-pyridyl)-alanine 185379-40-2 C23H19N2O4-
    Fmoc-L-3-(2-pyridyl)-alanine
    —— (-)-picrotoxinin 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (-)-picrotoxinin
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate 14486-09-0 C10H20N2O3S
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate
    —— Thr-Asp 108320-97-4 C8H14N2O6
    Thr-Asp
    —— Threonylserine zwitterion 61043-86-5 C7H14N2O5
    Threonylserine zwitterion
    —— (2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-azaniumyl-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoate 96337-79-0 C9H17N3O5
    (2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-azaniumyl-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoate
    —— Asn-Glu 20917-58-2 C9H15N3O6
    Asn-Glu
    —— Ser-Gln 94421-66-6 C8H15N3O5
    Ser-Gln
    —— (2R)-2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate 201532-42-5 C22H18NO4S-
    (2R)-2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate
    —— 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidine-4-carboxylate 368866-07-3 C26H29N2O6-
    1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidine-4-carboxylate
    —— (2S,3S)-2-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-phenylbutanoate 90731-57-0 C15H20NO4-
    (2S,3S)-2-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-phenylbutanoate
    —— N-(2-Methoxyphenyl)maleamicacid 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    N-(2-Methoxyphenyl)maleamicacid
    —— (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl)propanoate 266360-59-2 C9H9F2NO2
    (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl)propanoate
    —— Ndelta-Trityl-D-glutamine 200625-76-9 C24H24N2O3
    Ndelta-Trityl-D-glutamine
    —— PQ-OH 18668-08-1 C10H17N3O4
    PQ-OH
    —— neoline 466-26-2 C24H39NO6
    neoline
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-β-<pyrazolyl-(1)>-alanin 20945-53-3 C14H15N3O4
    N<sup>α</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-β-<pyrazolyl-(1)>-alanin
    —— (S)-m-fluoromandelic acid 395-05-1 C8H7FO3
    (S)-m-fluoromandelic acid
    —— Poloxin 321688-88-4 C18H19NO3
    Poloxin
    —— N2-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-N6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysine, compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) 2212-76-2 C12H23N*C19H28N2O6
    N2-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-N6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysine, compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)
    —— beta-D-xylo-Hexofuranose, pentapropanoate, (5xi)-(9CI) 307531-77-7 C21H32O11
    beta-D-xylo-Hexofuranose, pentapropanoate, (5xi)-(9CI)
    —— Crosstide 171783-05-4 C48H77N17O17
    Crosstide
    —— Carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal 88191-84-8 C22H26N2O4
    Carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal
    —— 1-N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-β-D-galactopyranosylamine 38822-56-9 C12H24N2O6
    1-N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-β-D-galactopyranosylamine
    —— Silychristin B 33889-69-9 C25H22O10
    Silychristin B
    —— 8,9-DHET 192461-96-4 C20H34O4
    8,9-DHET
    —— Praeruptorin B 81740-07-0 C24H26O7
    Praeruptorin B
    —— (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol 1354-84-3 C22H33NO2
    (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol
    —— 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 61276-17-3 C29H36O15
    6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone 65995-64-4 C34H22O22
    (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone
    —— Fmoc-Ser-OBzl 73724-46-6 C25H23NO5
    Fmoc-Ser-OBzl
    —— Mastoparan 7 145854-59-7 C67H124N18O15
    Mastoparan 7
    —— Typhaneoside 104472-68-6 C34H42O20
    Typhaneoside
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— SU 5402 215543-92-3 C17H16N2O3
    SU 5402
    —— 8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine 37239-51-3 C43H49NO19
    8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine
    —— 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-6))-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 109008-28-8 C33H40O19
    4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-6))-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
    —— methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate
    —— Dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;10-methyl-9-(10-methylacridin-10-ium-9-yl)acridin-10-ium 2315-97-1 C28H24N3O3+3
    Dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;10-methyl-9-(10-methylacridin-10-ium-9-yl)acridin-10-ium
    —— Lobelanidine hydrochloride 6112-86-3 C22H30ClNO2
    Lobelanidine hydrochloride
    —— 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-10-ium-9-amine;chloride;hydrate 206658-92-6 C13H17ClN2O
    1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-10-ium-9-amine;chloride;hydrate
    —— 8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine 14985-44-5 C10H12BrN5O3
    8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine
    —— Dinophysistoxin-1 81720-10-7 C45H70O13
    Dinophysistoxin-1
    —— Cytochalasin C 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    Cytochalasin C
    —— 3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
    3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten
    —— 4,4'-Bis-[(E)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-biphenyl 40470-68-6 C30H26O2
    4,4'-Bis-[(E)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-biphenyl