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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Crebtide 149155-45-3 C73H129N29O19
    Crebtide
    —— (1S,4R,9R,11S)-9-tert-butyl-7,9-dihydroxy-3,5,12-trioxatetracyclo[6.6.0.01,11.04,8]tetradecane-2,6,13-trione 33570-04-6 C15H18O8
    (1S,4R,9R,11S)-9-tert-butyl-7,9-dihydroxy-3,5,12-trioxatetracyclo[6.6.0.01,11.04,8]tetradecane-2,6,13-trione
    —— H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2 127122-98-9 C57H85N21O15
    H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2
    —— Dynorphin B 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Dynorphin B
    —— Blasticidine S hydrochloride 3513-03-9 C17H27ClN8O5
    Blasticidine S hydrochloride
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— Silydianin 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    Silydianin
    —— L-Tyrosine disodium salt hydrate 69847-45-6 C18H20N2Na2O6
    L-Tyrosine disodium salt hydrate
    —— (R)-Dimethyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 374077-91-5 C8H13NO4
    (R)-Dimethyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— methyl (4aS,6aR,6bS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 218600-53-4 C32H43NO4
    methyl (4aS,6aR,6bS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— TCTU 330641-16-2 BF4*C11H15ClN5O
    TCTU
    —— C43H53NO14.3H2O 148408-66-6 C43H59NO17
    C43H53NO14.3H2O
    —— [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-21-2 C49H76O20
    [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— (Z)-5-[(1R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptanyl]-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    (Z)-5-[(1R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptanyl]-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol
    —— CCI-779 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    CCI-779
    —— Ferrous Gluconate 6047-12-7 C12H22FeO14
    Ferrous Gluconate
    —— (4R)-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-[(2R,4S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde 138-55-6 C16H26O7
    (4R)-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-[(2R,4S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde
    —— theaflavin 3-gallate 28543-07-9 C36H28O16
    theaflavin 3-gallate
    —— 2-Deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-L-glucose 186689-07-6 C12H14N4O8
    2-Deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-L-glucose
    —— ZINC;2-aminoacetic acid 7214-08-6 C2H5NO2Zn+2
    ZINC;2-aminoacetic acid
    —— Trisodium dicarboxymethyl alaninate, L- 170492-24-7 C7H8NNa3O6
    Trisodium dicarboxymethyl alaninate, L-
    —— L-Cystine, disodium salt 64704-23-0 C6H10N2Na2O4S2
    L-Cystine, disodium salt
    —— Barium(2+);(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl) phosphate 15673-79-7 C5H9BaO8P
    Barium(2+);(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl) phosphate
    —— DL-2-aminopropan-1-ol 6168-72-5 C3H10NO+
    DL-2-aminopropan-1-ol
    —— stachyose hydrate 10094-58-3 C24H42O21*H2O
    stachyose hydrate
    —— (3S,4R,5R,8R,9Z,12R,14S,15R,16S,18R,19R,26aS)-8-allyl-5,19-dihydroxy-3-{(E)-2-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylvinyl}-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-3H-15,19-epoxypyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (3S,4R,5R,8R,9Z,12R,14S,15R,16S,18R,19R,26aS)-8-allyl-5,19-dihydroxy-3-{(E)-2-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylvinyl}-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-3H-15,19-epoxypyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone
    —— Benzoylhypacoitine 63238-66-4 C31H43NO9
    Benzoylhypacoitine
    —— [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,13S,16S,17S)-11-ethyl-3,8,9-trihydroxy-4,6,16-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl] 2-acetamidobenzoate 1360-76-5 C32H44N2O9
    [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,13S,16S,17S)-11-ethyl-3,8,9-trihydroxy-4,6,16-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl] 2-acetamidobenzoate
    —— Antibiotic S 7481F1 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    Antibiotic S 7481F1
    —— TG-100801 Hydrochloride 1018069-81-2 C33H31Cl2N5O3
    TG-100801 Hydrochloride
    —— (R)-3-Amino-4-(2-cyanophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 269726-79-6 C11H13ClN2O2
    (R)-3-Amino-4-(2-cyanophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— sodium 3,3'-<1-<(phenylamino)carbonyl>-3,4-tetrazolium>-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzenesulfonic acid 111072-31-2 C22H16N7O13S2*Na
    sodium 3,3'-<1-<(phenylamino)carbonyl>-3,4-tetrazolium>-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzenesulfonic acid
    —— 4-Pyrimidinamine, 6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-((1E)-2-phenylethenyl)-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) 934353-76-1 C25H31N7O6
    4-Pyrimidinamine, 6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-((1E)-2-phenylethenyl)-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1)
    —— ZINC;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate 9000-07-1 C23H23FN4O7Zn
    ZINC;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate
    —— [(Z)-4-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-formylamino]-3-[[(E)-2-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-formylamino]-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)pent-2-en-3-yl]disulfanyl]pent-3-enyl] 2-methylpropanoate 3286-46-2 C32H46N8O6S2
    [(Z)-4-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-formylamino]-3-[[(E)-2-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-formylamino]-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)pent-2-en-3-yl]disulfanyl]pent-3-enyl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aS,13bR)-9-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,11a-tetramethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid 85999-40-2 C30H48O4
    (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aS,13bR)-9-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,11a-tetramethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
    —— bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10Z,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate 42553-65-1 C44H64O24
    bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10Z,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— N-[(7S)-1,2,10-trimethoxy-9-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide 477-29-2 C27H33NO11
    N-[(7S)-1,2,10-trimethoxy-9-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide
    —— 3-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)acrylic acid dihydrate 104-98-3 C6H10N2O4
    3-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)acrylic acid dihydrate
    —— 2-(6-Amino-2-chloro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol hydrate 81012-94-4 C10H14ClN5O5
    2-(6-Amino-2-chloro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol hydrate
    —— 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-glucopyranose 69-79-4 C12H22O11
    4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-glucopyranose
    —— L-Lysine,4-dinitrophenyl)-, monohydrochloride 14401-10-6 C12H16ClN4O6-
    L-Lysine,4-dinitrophenyl)-, monohydrochloride
    —— 1667-99-8 C23H16Cl2NaO9S
    —— Alizarinsulfonate 130-22-3 C14H8NaO7S+
    Alizarinsulfonate
    —— Gold Orange 547-58-0 C14H14N3O3S*H*Na
    Gold Orange
    —— (1R,5S,8S,9R,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,5S,8S,9R,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 14216-03-6 C59H96O26
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6R,8S)-11-hydroxy-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6R,8S)-11-hydroxy-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— cleroindicin D 189264-45-7 C8H12O4
    cleroindicin D