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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— N-benzyloxycarbonyl cystine methyl ester 3693-95-6 C24H28N2O8S2
N-benzyloxycarbonyl cystine methyl ester
—— asenapine maleate 85650-56-2 C4H4O4*C17H16ClNO
asenapine maleate
—— 34'Z-ubiquinone-10 303-98-0 C59H90O4
34'Z-ubiquinone-10
—— Coenzym Q10 303-98-0 C59H90O4
Coenzym Q10
—— cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine sodium salt 33818-15-4 C14H25N4O11P2*Na
cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine sodium salt
—— 4-{[9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino}-2-methoxybenzoate sodium salt 1028486-06-7 C27H19ClFN4O4*Na
4-{[9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino}-2-methoxybenzoate sodium salt
—— L-uridine 58-96-8 C9H12N2O6
L-uridine
—— gonadotropin releasing hormone 9034-40-6 C55H75N17O13
gonadotropin releasing hormone
—— n-butyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 155197-37-8 C18H29NO9
n-butyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
—— all-cis-3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran 528-63-2 C22H28O5
all-cis-3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran
—— <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-trihydroxydiphosphoryl-adenosine 58-64-0 C10H15N5O10P2
<i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-trihydroxydiphosphoryl-adenosine
—— acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid 67416-61-9 C32H48O5
acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
—— β-boswellic acid 631-69-6 C30H48O3
β-boswellic acid
—— 11-Keto-β-boswellinsaeure 17019-92-0 C30H46O4
11-Keto-β-boswellinsaeure
—— 2'-deoxyadenosine monohydrate 16373-93-6 C10H13N5O3*H2O
2'-deoxyadenosine monohydrate
—— AZD1979 1254035-84-1 C25H26N4O5
AZD1979
—— (2S,4R,5R,6S)-4-<(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl>-5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane 61340-09-8 C13H18O6
(2S,4R,5R,6S)-4-<(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl>-5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane
—— N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-C-(β-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid)methylamine 655246-28-9 C22H23NO8
N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-C-(β-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid)methylamine
—— D-mannitol 50-70-4 C6H14O6
D-mannitol
—— 2,6-anhydro-7-deoxy-7-nitro-L-glycero-L-galactoheptitol 81846-64-2 C7H13NO7
2,6-anhydro-7-deoxy-7-nitro-L-glycero-L-galactoheptitol
—— (2E)-N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide dimaleate 850140-73-7 C4H4O4*C24H25ClFN5O3
(2E)-N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide dimaleate
—— D-salicin 138-52-3 C13H18O7
D-salicin
—— (2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside 138-52-3 C13H18O7
(2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside
—— Salicin 138-52-3 C13H18O7
Salicin
—— salicin 138-52-3 C13H18O7
salicin
—— 2-[[[(1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]hydroxy]methyl]phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 29836-41-7 C20H24O10
2-[[[(1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]hydroxy]methyl]phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
—— 4-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dion 566-48-3 C19H26O3
4-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dion
—— 2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine
—— Phenyl 2-acetamido-2-desoxy-α-D-mannopyranosid 4291-19-4 C14H19NO6
Phenyl 2-acetamido-2-desoxy-α-D-mannopyranosid
—— 2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-mannose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-mannose
—— 2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-α-D-mannose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-α-D-mannose
—— 2-Acetamino-2-desoxy-D-glucose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetamino-2-desoxy-D-glucose
—— 2-acetylamino-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-talose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-acetylamino-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-talose
—— 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gulose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gulose
—— N-[(3R,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
N-[(3R,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
—— 2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-glucose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-glucose
—— 2-acetylamino-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-glucose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-acetylamino-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-glucose
—— N-[(2R,3R,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
N-[(2R,3R,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
—— 2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-galaktose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetylamino-2-desoxy-β-D-galaktose
—— 2-Acetamino-2-desoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetamino-2-desoxy-α-D-glucopyranose
—— 2-acetylamino-α-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-glucose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-acetylamino-α-<i>D</i>-2-deoxy-glucose
—— 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-Galactopyranose 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-Galactopyranose
—— 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-allopyranoside 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-allopyranoside
—— acide mycophenolique 483-60-3 C17H20O6
acide mycophenolique
—— Belizatinib 1357920-84-3 C33H44FN5O3
Belizatinib
—— Picrosid-II 34779-62-9 C23H28O13
Picrosid-II
—— picroside II 34779-62-9 C23H28O13
picroside II
—— 9-chloro-2-furan-2-yl-6H-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-one 104615-00-1 C13H7ClN4O2
9-chloro-2-furan-2-yl-6H-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-one
—— Navuridine 84472-85-5 C9H11N5O4
Navuridine
—— (+)-Naringenin 480-41-1 C15H12O5
(+)-Naringenin