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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— mesocorydaline 518-69-4 C22H27NO4
mesocorydaline
—— tectoridin 611-40-5 C22H22O11
tectoridin
—— triglochinic acid 31795-12-7 C7H8O6
triglochinic acid
—— (S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
(S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
—— (2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide 1309684-94-3 C31H31Cl2FN4O4
(2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide
—— nortropine 538-09-0 C7H13NO
nortropine
—— δ-tocopherol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
δ-tocopherol
—— β-DL-Isopropylideninosin 2140-11-6 C13H16N4O5
β-DL-Isopropylideninosin
—— L-xanthosine 146-80-5 C10H12N4O6
L-xanthosine
—— Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal 603-48-5 C25H31N3
Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal
—— 1-Ξ-alanyl-L-proline 3918-95-4 C8H14N2O3
1-Ξ-alanyl-L-proline
—— (+/-)-3-[3-(<i>cis</i>-3-hydroxy-[2]piperidyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one 24159-07-7 C16H19N3O3
(+/-)-3-[3-(<i>cis</i>-3-hydroxy-[2]piperidyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one
—— isofebrifugine 32434-44-9 C16H19N3O3
isofebrifugine
—— [(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid 1072833-89-6 C9H7F2NO3
[(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid
—— oleanolic acid methyl ester 1724-17-0 C31H50O3
oleanolic acid methyl ester
—— methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 1724-17-0 C31H50O3
methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
—— oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside 35790-95-5 C41H66O11
oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside
—— (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 35790-95-5 C41H66O11
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
—— glycyl-D-valine 10521-49-0 C7H14N2O3
glycyl-D-valine
—— 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin 20853-58-1 C41H66O13
3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin
—— Inokosterone 15130-85-5 C27H44O7
Inokosterone
—— saringosterol 6901-60-6 C29H48O2
saringosterol
—— xylopentaose 49694-20-4 C25H42O21
xylopentaose
—— (3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyoxane-2,3,5-triol 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
(3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyoxane-2,3,5-triol
—— <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-methyl-<i>D</i>-altrose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-methyl-<i>D</i>-altrose
—— 3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranose
—— 3-O-Methyl-D-allose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
3-O-Methyl-D-allose
—— 1-(n-heptyl)-2-aminoethanol 72799-63-4 C9H21NO
1-(n-heptyl)-2-aminoethanol
—— Polygalacic acid 6860-18-0 C30H48O6
Polygalacic acid
—— Polygalac Saeure 6860-18-0 C30H48O6
Polygalac Saeure
—— NADP<sup>+</sup> monosodium salt 1184-16-3 C21H27N7O17P3*Na
NADP<sup>+</sup> monosodium salt
—— falcarindiol 30779-95-4 C17H24O2
falcarindiol
—— 4,5,7-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-D-lyxo-hept-2-enononitrile 120085-63-4 C13H15NO7
4,5,7-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-D-lyxo-hept-2-enononitrile
—— Eriochrome Blue Black R 2538-85-4 C20H13N2O5S*Na
Eriochrome Blue Black R
—— OTS514 1338540-63-8 C21H20N2O2S
OTS514
—— (±)7-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid 90780-55-5 C22H32O3
(±)7-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid
—— arcaine sulfate 36587-93-6 C6H16N6*H2O4S
arcaine sulfate
—— PF-9366 72882-78-1 C20H19ClN4
PF-9366
—— 1-(4-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one 4382-63-2 C17H12N2O
1-(4-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one
—— 1-(3-((3-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-2-oxoindolin-6-yl)amino)-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea 1033769-28-6 C28H21F4N5O2
1-(3-((3-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-2-oxoindolin-6-yl)amino)-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea
—— (+/-)-aloperine 56293-29-9 C15H24N2
(+/-)-aloperine
—— escin IIa 158732-55-9 C54H84O23
escin IIa
—— 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-((5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-2,4-dimethyl- 452105-23-6 C23H27FN4O4
1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-((5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-2,4-dimethyl-
—— N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-aspartic acid 78663-07-7 C12H13NO6
N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-aspartic acid
—— Disodium methylenebis(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate) 6640-22-8 C23H16NaO6+
Disodium methylenebis(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)
—— cyclohexylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride 322392-74-5 C9H17NO2*ClH
cyclohexylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride
—— sodium;(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid 56-86-0 C5H9NO4*Na
sodium;(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
—— Nonapeptide-1 158563-45-2 C61H87N15O9S
Nonapeptide-1
—— N-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-3-<(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)methyl>-L-histidine methyl ester 114787-83-6 C20H26N4O6
N-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-3-<(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)methyl>-L-histidine methyl ester
—— serine benzyl ester hydrochloride 60022-62-0 C10H13NO3*ClH
serine benzyl ester hydrochloride