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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ursolic acid methylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolic acid methylester
    —— Ursolinsaeuremethylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolinsaeuremethylester
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-Boc-Cys(4-Me-Bzl) 61925-77-7 C16H21NO5S
    N<sup>α</sup>-Boc-Cys(4-Me-Bzl)
    —— O-Glycyl-L-threonin 27174-15-8 C6H12N2O4
    O-Glycyl-L-threonin
    —— 5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine 14365-44-7 C10H14N6O3
    5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine
    —— n-hexyl 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside 85618-19-5 C12H24O5S
    n-hexyl 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 6870-94-6 C22H30O4
    11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
    —— Z-Lys(Boc)-OSu 3338-34-9 C23H31N3O8
    Z-Lys(Boc)-OSu
    —— 3'-O-Methyl-evomonoside 466-07-9 C30H46O8
    3'-O-Methyl-evomonoside
    —— L-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[4-13C]glutamine 932735-43-8 C13H16N2O5
    L-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[4-13C]glutamine
    —— 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride 39994-70-2 C6H13NO3*ClH
    2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride
    —— [N-{[4-(5,9-diethoxy-6-oxo-6,8-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinolin-7-yl)-3-methylbenzyl]sulphonyl}-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide] 915191-42-3 C32H33N3O7S
    [N-{[4-(5,9-diethoxy-6-oxo-6,8-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinolin-7-yl)-3-methylbenzyl]sulphonyl}-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide]
    —— 3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 3789-75-1 C23H17N3O2
    3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide
    —— 5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 2880-89-9 C9H11ClN2O6
    5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2-Tert-butyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazinan-4-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone 50259-99-9 C20H23N3O4
    (2-Tert-butyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazinan-4-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— N-Carbobenzoxy-DL-serin-tert.-butylester 59859-77-7 C15H21NO5
    N-Carbobenzoxy-DL-serin-tert.-butylester
    —— Akt Inhibitor V, Triciribine 35943-35-2 C13H16N6O4
    Akt Inhibitor V, Triciribine
    —— vaniprevir 923590-37-8 C38H55N5O9S
    vaniprevir
    —— S-Methyl cysteine sulfoxide 6853-87-8 C4H9NO3S
    S-Methyl cysteine sulfoxide
    —— <i>cis</i>-1-glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline 24587-32-4 C7H12N2O4
    <i>cis</i>-1-glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline
    —— (R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 160347-90-0 C10H15NO5
    (R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— polymyxin B1 1404-26-8 C56H98N16O13
    polymyxin B1
    —— H-89 127243-85-0 C20H20BrN3O2S
    H-89
    —— ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide 77573-44-5 C26H36O5
    ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide
    —— gomisin C 58546-56-8 C30H32O9
    gomisin C
    —— (1R,2S,10S,11R,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    (1R,2S,10S,11R,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one
    —— Velneperit 342577-38-2 C17H24F3N3O3S
    Velneperit
    —— D-glucose 6-phosphate (Na) 54010-71-8 C6H12O9P*Na
    D-glucose 6-phosphate (Na)
    —— (R)-N-Benzylasparaginsaeure 6367-42-6 C11H13NO4
    (R)-N-Benzylasparaginsaeure
    —— 2-[[2-[[3-Phenyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetic acid 37700-64-4 C21H23N3O6
    2-[[2-[[3-Phenyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetic acid
    —— 1-[2-(Phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 21027-01-0 C16H20N2O5
    1-[2-(Phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— pigment red 49 1248-18-6 C20H13N2O4S*Na
    pigment red 49
    —— sodium salt of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine 82692-93-1 C12H18NO4S*Na
    sodium salt of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine
    —— S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide 60668-81-7 C10H13NO3S
    S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide
    —— 2-(4-Nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 2001-96-9 C11H13NO7
    2-(4-Nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— methyl (3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5H-furan-2-ylidene)phenylacetate 73622-57-8 C19H14O5
    methyl (3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5H-furan-2-ylidene)phenylacetate
    —— N4-Benzoyl-2-O-methylcytidine 52571-45-6 C17H19N3O6
    N4-Benzoyl-2-O-methylcytidine
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 32449-98-2 C39H63NO11
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-9-benzylamino-6-purin 4294-16-0 C17H19N5O4
    Β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-9-benzylamino-6-purin
    —— spiculisporic acid 469-77-2 C17H28O6
    spiculisporic acid
    —— 3'-epi-5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 50-90-8 C9H11ClN2O5
    3'-epi-5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one 10212-20-1 C9H12FN3O4
    4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
    —— methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
    methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate
    —— From Dendrobium nobile 2115-91-5 C16H25NO2
    From Dendrobium nobile
    —— Panzem NCD 362-07-2 C19H26O3
    Panzem NCD
    —— 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate 26929-65-7 C9H11N5O5
    2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
    —— Ethyl(2s,3s)-3-[[1-(isopentylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-butyl]carbamoyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate 88321-09-9 C17H30N2O5
    Ethyl(2s,3s)-3-[[1-(isopentylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-butyl]carbamoyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-[2-[2-[6-[(1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    2-[2-[2-[6-[(1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (3,5-Dibenzoyloxy-4-imidazol-1-ylsulfonyloxyoxolan-2-yl)methyl benzoate 97614-42-1 C29H24N2O10S
    (3,5-Dibenzoyloxy-4-imidazol-1-ylsulfonyloxyoxolan-2-yl)methyl benzoate
    —— (2R)-1-{4-[(1aR,6r,10bS)-1,1-Difluoro-1,1a,6,10b-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,e]cyclopropa[c]cyclohepten-6-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(quinolin-5-yloxy)propan-2-ol 167354-41-8 C32H31F2N3O2
    (2R)-1-{4-[(1aR,6r,10bS)-1,1-Difluoro-1,1a,6,10b-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,e]cyclopropa[c]cyclohepten-6-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(quinolin-5-yloxy)propan-2-ol