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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— chebulinic acid 18942-26-2 C41H32O27
    chebulinic acid
    —— chebulagic acid 23094-71-5 C41H30O27
    chebulagic acid
    —— Rhapontizin 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    Rhapontizin
    —— rhaponticin 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    rhaponticin
    —— Romurtide 78113-36-7 C43H78N6O13
    Romurtide
    —— 1, Acanthifolicin deriv. 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    1, Acanthifolicin deriv.
    —— (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione
    —— FK-506 (Tacrolimus) 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    FK-506 (Tacrolimus)
    —— 4-amino-N-(3-methyl-1-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide 1527517-50-5 C22H19N7OS
    4-amino-N-(3-methyl-1-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide
    —— tenovin-6 1011301-29-3 C25H34N4O2S*ClH
    tenovin-6
    —— 3-epimaytansinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    3-epimaytansinol
    —— Maytanasinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    Maytanasinol
    —— c(RGDyK) 1331910-33-8 C50H76N14O12S
    c(RGDyK)
    —— methionylalanine 3061-96-9 C8H16N2O3S
    methionylalanine
    —— H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
    H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2
    —— HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor 544467-07-4 C11H9N3O4
    HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor
    —— (E)-N-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethyl-1-Phenyl-1h-Pyrazol-4-Yl)methanimine 304909-07-7 C23H27N5
    (E)-N-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethyl-1-Phenyl-1h-Pyrazol-4-Yl)methanimine
    —— S-Neoral 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    S-Neoral
    —— Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-OMe 133463-25-9 C21H38N4O6
    Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-OMe
    —— (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one monophosphate 1642303-38-5 C29H26FN7O*H3O4P
    (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one monophosphate
    —— Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate
    —— [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate 362-74-3 C18H24N5O8P
    [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate
    —— Fmoc-D-Styrylalanine 215190-23-1 C26H23NO4
    Fmoc-D-Styrylalanine
    —— ((2-ethylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-propionamido-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]oxaborinine-8-carboxylate 1842399-68-1 C19H26BNO7
    ((2-ethylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-propionamido-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]oxaborinine-8-carboxylate
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 131573-90-5 C32H38O19
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Dabcyl-ice-edans 161877-70-9 C61H76N12O14S
    Dabcyl-ice-edans
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 135095-52-2 C33H40O20
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Bromochlorophenol Blue, water soluble 102185-52-4 C19H9Br2Cl2O5S-
    Bromochlorophenol Blue, water soluble
    —— 2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan 20643-57-6 C8H15N
    2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan
    —— [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate
    —— 1-Azetidinethiocarboxylic acid, (1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)hydrazide 71555-25-4 C11H14N4S
    1-Azetidinethiocarboxylic acid, (1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)hydrazide
    —— roquefortine 58735-64-1 C22H23N5O2
    roquefortine
    —— (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione
    —— [4-[2-[(16Z,24Z,26Z,28Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [4-[2-[(16Z,24Z,26Z,28Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 8047-67-4 C12H29Fe5Na2O23
    Sucroferric oxyhydroxide
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine 91028-39-6 C9H15NO4
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine
    —— Libanotin 15591-75-0 C21H22O7
    Libanotin
    —— Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid) 499-20-7 C14H17NO7
    Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid)
    —— (±)-5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid 845673-97-4 C20H32O4
    (±)-5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
    —— Picrocrocin 138-55-6 C16H26O7
    Picrocrocin
    —— Sodium hydrogen N,N'-(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidenebis((6-hydroxy-5-methylphen-3,1-ylene)methylene))bisaminoacetate S,S-dioxide 77031-64-2 C27H28N2NaO9S+
    Sodium hydrogen N,N'-(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidenebis((6-hydroxy-5-methylphen-3,1-ylene)methylene))bisaminoacetate S,S-dioxide
    —— (R)-3-amino-4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid 269396-76-1 C11H12F3NO2
    (R)-3-amino-4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid
    —— 2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 30197-14-9 C21H24O8
    2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Unii-1W21G5Q4N2 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    Unii-1W21G5Q4N2
    —— (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimine 23256-30-6 C10H13N3O5S
    (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimine
    —— baicalein 7-O-glucoside 57396-78-8 C21H20O10
    baicalein 7-O-glucoside
    —— RKRSRAE 81187-14-6 C35H67N17O11
    RKRSRAE
    —— (2S)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-butanoyloxy-3-propanoyloxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid 8002-43-5 C13H24NO10P
    (2S)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-butanoyloxy-3-propanoyloxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid
    —— 6-(6-hydroxymethyl pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide 890128-81-1 C23H16F3N3O3
    6-(6-hydroxymethyl pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    (2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid