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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trospium chloride 10405-02-4 C25H30NO3*Cl
    trospium chloride
    —— Rutin sulfate 12768-44-4 C27H32O20S
    Rutin sulfate
    —— N-[4-[2-(6-cyano-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl]quinoline-4-carboxamide 215803-78-4 C28H30N4O
    N-[4-[2-(6-cyano-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl]quinoline-4-carboxamide
    —— methyl tanshinonate 18887-19-9 C20H18O5
    methyl tanshinonate
    —— Violanin 28463-30-1 C42H47ClO23
    Violanin
    —— Ginsenosid Rd 52705-93-8 C48H82O18
    Ginsenosid Rd
    —— 1,4-Dicaffeylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-Dicaffeylquinic acid
    —— Furanodienone 24268-41-5 C15H18O2
    Furanodienone
    —— (4S,5R)-4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole 548472-49-7 C25H24Cl2N2O2
    (4S,5R)-4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole
    —— (1Z,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    (1Z,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— (1R,3R,6R,7R,10S)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    (1R,3R,6R,7R,10S)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one
    —— 2-[4-[4-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl]cyclohexyl]acetic acid 1031336-60-3 C20H22N4O2
    2-[4-[4-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl]cyclohexyl]acetic acid
    —— 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 1141-59-9 C11H9N3O2
    4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol
    —— Pyr-41 418805-02-4 C17H13N3O7
    Pyr-41
    —— (5R,7S)-3-aminoadamantan-1-ol 702-82-9 C10H17NO
    (5R,7S)-3-aminoadamantan-1-ol
    —— Rhaponticine 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    Rhaponticine
    —— Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-OH 89626-38-0 C15H25N3O5
    Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-OH
    —— [6-[6-[6-[[(3S,5R,8R,10S,13R,14S,16R,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-21-2 C49H76O20
    [6-[6-[6-[[(3S,5R,8R,10S,13R,14S,16R,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— dicyclohexylamine salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine 7662-58-0 C12H23N*C14H19NO4
    dicyclohexylamine salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine
    —— dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate
    —— [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 2-[2-[2-[6-[(3S,4R,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    2-[2-[2-[6-[(3S,4R,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 9,10-Deepithio-9,10-didehydroacanthifolicin 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    9,10-Deepithio-9,10-didehydroacanthifolicin
    —— fucoxanthin 3351-86-8 C42H58O6
    fucoxanthin
    —— Z-D-His-OH 14997-58-1 C14H15N3O4
    Z-D-His-OH
    —— Curdione 13657-68-6 C15H24O2
    Curdione
    —— 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamine D3 40013-87-4 C27H44O3
    24,25-Dihydroxyvitamine D3
    —— Bergamottin 482-46-2 C21H22O4
    Bergamottin
    —— Bis[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-carbonimidic Dihydrazide 25875-51-8 C15H13Cl2N5
    Bis[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-carbonimidic Dihydrazide
    —— Pseudolaric acid-B 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    Pseudolaric acid-B
    —— From Gnidia 60195-70-2 C37H44O10
    From Gnidia
    —— 9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)zeatin 6025-53-2 C15H21N5O5
    9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)zeatin
    —— voacamine 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    voacamine
    —— (2Z)-2-[4-hydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile 67765-58-6 C14H19NO7
    (2Z)-2-[4-hydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile
    —— 8-[(1S,6S)-6-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one 75629-19-5 C40H36O11
    8-[(1S,6S)-6-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Albanin G 76472-87-2 C45H44O11
    Albanin G
    —— 5-[(3S)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole 51020-87-2 C20H20O4
    5-[(3S)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole
    —— (2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid 8022-19-3 C20H24O4
    (2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid
    —— Quinupristin 120138-50-3 C53H67N9O10S
    Quinupristin
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82601-41-0 C21H26O7
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— Pseudolaric acid-A 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    Pseudolaric acid-A
    —— Griffonin 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    Griffonin
    —— 30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
    —— (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione 11052-72-5 C45H74O10
    (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione
    —— Levatin 140670-84-4 C19H20O5
    Levatin
    —— Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 38963-94-9 C16H22O7
    Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— trans-Urocanate 104-98-3 C6H5N2O2-
    trans-Urocanate
    —— 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enopyranose 55628-54-1 C27H28O4
    3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enopyranose
    —— Rhapontin; 3,5,3'-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-stilben-3-β-D-glucosid 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    Rhapontin; 3,5,3'-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-stilben-3-β-D-glucosid