生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,4S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 136656-07-0 | C45H76O19 |
|
—— | 3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 55804-74-5 | C33H40O19 |
|
—— | (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(2-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol | 4546-54-7 | C10H13N5O4 |
|
—— | (2S)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 131-48-6 | C11H19NO9 |
|
—— | Avermectin A1a, 25-cyclohexyl-4'-O-de(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl--L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-5-demethoxy-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-5-(hydroxyimino)- | 165108-07-6 | C43H63NO11 |
|
—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,9R,10S,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
|
—— | (1R,3S,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione | 107438-79-9 | C20H24O10 |
|
—— | Fabiatrin | 18309-73-4 | C21H26O13 |
|
—— | (3R,5R)-1,4-bis[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 1182-34-9 | C25H24O12 |
|
—— | alpha-D-Lactose monohydrate, ACS | 64044-51-5 | C12H22O11.H2O |
|
—— | (1E,4E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene | 6753-98-6 | C15H24 |
|
—— | Trilaciclib dihydrochloride | 1977495-97-8 | C24H32Cl2N8O |
|
—— | (all-E)-Crocetin | 27876-94-4 | C20H24O4 |
|
—— | (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,31S,33R,37S,39S,41S,43S,45S,47S,49S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol | 7585-39-9 | C42H70O35 |
|
—— | (+)-epi-syringaresinol di-O-β-D-glucoside | 79484-75-6 | C34H46O18 |
|
—— | Crocein Orange G | 1934-20-9 | C16H11N2O4S*Na |
|
—— | Rhodojaponin V | 37720-86-8 | C22H34O7 |
|
—— | hederacolchiside E | 33783-82-3 | C65H106O30 |
|
—— | yadanzioside A | 95258-15-4 | C32H44O16 |
|
—— | 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-en-22-oxo-3β,24-diol | 135272-91-2 | C48H76O19 |
|
—— | Momordicoside L | 81348-83-6 | C36H58O9 |
|
—— | Tetrasodium guanosine triphosphate | 36051-31-7 | C10H12N5Na4O14P3 |
|
—— | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11024-24-1 | C56H92O29 |
|
—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18S,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 55466-04-1 | C58H94O26 |
|
—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
|
—— | (1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-11-ethyl-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,5,7,8,14-pentol | 509-20-6 | C25H41NO9 |
|
—— | (3S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 17086-76-9 | C29H44O8 |
|
—— | (1R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione | 107438-79-9 | C20H24O10 |
|
—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 6900-87-4 | C33H45NO10 |
|
—— | (1S,5R,8R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol | 1354-84-3 | C22H33NO2 |
|
—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R,16S)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102115-79-7 | C51H82O21 |
|
—— | Peptide yy human | 118997-30-1 | C194H295N55O57 |
|
—— | (1S,4Z,12S,13R)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one | 13476-25-0 | C15H16O4 |
|
—— | Sodium;4-[(7-phenyl-3-sulfobenzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-5-yl)amino]benzenesulfonate | 25641-18-3 | C28H19N3NaO6S2+ |
|
—— | [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3E,5Z,8S,9E,11S,12R,13E,15E,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate | 873857-62-6 | C52H74Cl2O18 |
|
—— | Nalpha-fmoc-ndelta-trityl-l-ornithine | 1998701-26-0 | C39H36N2O4 |
|
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chromenylium chloride | 27214-72-8 | C20H19ClO10 |
|
—— | (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24S,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone | 137071-32-0 | C43H68ClNO11 |
|
—— | cyclo[Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Leu-D-N(Me)Val-D-N(Me)Bmt(E)] | 59865-13-3 | C62H111N11O12 |
|
—— | rhodojaponin II | 26116-89-2 | C22H34O7 |
|
—— | Jujuboside A1 | 194851-84-8 | C58H94O26 |
|
—— | (1R,3R,6R,7S,8S)-2,2,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol | 5986-55-0 | C15H26O |
|
—— | (1S,2S,5S,8R,10S,11R,15S,18S)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one | 28957-04-2 | C20H28O6 |
|
—— | methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,14R,15Z,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
|
—— | [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
|
—— | Luteolin-7-O-neohesperidosid | 25694-72-8 | C27H30O15 |
|
—— | (2E)-{(4R,5S,6S)-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene}acetonitrile | 63492-69-3 | C14H19NO8 |
|
—— | (2R,5R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 131-48-6 | C11H19NO9 |
|
—— | notoginsenoside-R2 | 80418-25-3 | C41H70O13 |
|
—— | [(1S,5R,8R,13R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
|