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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— LacNAc 32181-59-2 C14H25NO11
    LacNAc
    —— 5,9,13-Trimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid 27975-19-5 C20H30O3
    5,9,13-Trimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— Biozan R 11138-66-2 C36H58O29P2
    Biozan R
    —— Linderan 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    Linderan
    —— Evodia fruit 1180-71-8 C26H30O8
    Evodia fruit
    —— 12-[1-(4-Chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    12-[1-(4-Chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate 25990-37-8 C27H30O7
    Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate
    —— Momordin IIa 95851-50-6 C48H76O18
    Momordin IIa
    —— Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH 84624-27-1 C26H32N2O6
    Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH
    —— L-Alanine, N-L-alpha-glutamyl- 21064-18-6 C8H14N2O5
    L-Alanine, N-L-alpha-glutamyl-
    —— N-carbobenzyloxyproline 1148-11-4 C13H15NO4
    N-carbobenzyloxyproline
    —— 2-(2-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 4546-54-7 C10H13N5O4
    2-(2-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— 2-Hexoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 59080-45-4 C12H24O6
    2-Hexoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— O-Methyl-delcosin, Delsolin 509-18-2 C25H41NO7
    O-Methyl-delcosin, Delsolin
    —— Methyl 6,7-didehydro-2,20-cycloaspidospermidine-3-carboxylate 5980-02-9 C21H24N2O2
    Methyl 6,7-didehydro-2,20-cycloaspidospermidine-3-carboxylate
    —— N-acetyl-ornithine 6205-08-9 C7H14N2O3
    N-acetyl-ornithine
    —— Ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide 77573-44-5 C26H36O5
    Ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide
    —— 1,4-sorbitan 12441-09-7 C6H12O5
    1,4-sorbitan
    —— <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-allyloxycarbonyl-DL-lysine 6298-03-9 C10H18N2O4
    <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-allyloxycarbonyl-DL-lysine
    —— Gibberellin A1 545-97-1 C19H24O6
    Gibberellin A1
    —— [1-[[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-3-octadec-9-enoyloxypropan-2-yl] icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate 9023-70-5 C50H83N3O15P2
    [1-[[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-3-octadec-9-enoyloxypropan-2-yl] icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate
    —— N-phenylacetylglutamine 28047-15-6 C13H16N2O4
    N-phenylacetylglutamine
    —— Pristimerin 1258-84-0 C30H40O4
    Pristimerin
    —— N-BOC-S-trityl-L-cysteine 21947-98-8 C27H29NO4S
    N-BOC-S-trityl-L-cysteine
    —— 2-[2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11021-14-0 C53H90O22
    2-[2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH 71989-38-3 C28H29NO5
    Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
    —— Deacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
    Deacetylcinobufagin
    —— (Boc)-His(Boc)-OH 20866-46-0 C16H25N3O6
    (Boc)-His(Boc)-OH
    —— Cucurbitacin B 6199-67-3 C32H46O8
    Cucurbitacin B
    —— cAMP 60-92-4 C10H12N5O6P
    cAMP
    —— 6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 26020-14-4 C36H56O9
    6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 1-(4-{[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 20702-77-6 C28H36O15
    1-(4-{[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil 69123-98-4 C9H10FIN2O5
    1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil
    —— Boc-Trp(For) 47355-10-2 C17H20N2O5
    Boc-Trp(For)
    —— β-ribofuranose 1,2,3,5-tetraacetate 13035-61-5 C13H18O9
    β-ribofuranose 1,2,3,5-tetraacetate
    —— beta-Amanitin 13567-07-2 C39H53N9O15S
    beta-Amanitin
    —— Quercetagetin 7-glucoside 548-75-4 C21H20O13
    Quercetagetin 7-glucoside
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone glucoside 38963-94-9 C16H22O7
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone glucoside
    —— 2,3-Dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid 599-07-5 C30H46O6
    2,3-Dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid
    —— S-nitrosoglutathione 57564-91-7 C10H16N4O7S
    S-nitrosoglutathione
    —— Isonaringin 14259-46-2 C27H32O14
    Isonaringin
    —— N<sup>6</sup>,N'<sup>6</sup>-Dimethylarginin 30344-00-4 C8H18N4O2
    N<sup>6</sup>,N'<sup>6</sup>-Dimethylarginin
    —— Fmoc-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 423719-54-4 C19H17NO4S
    Fmoc-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— galacto-heptulose 3615-44-9 C7H14O7
    galacto-heptulose
    —— (1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid 5945-50-6 C16H22O11
    (1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— D,L-histidine 71-00-1 C6H9N3O2
    D,L-histidine
    —— methyl 7-methyl-5-oxo-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 548-37-8 C17H24O10
    methyl 7-methyl-5-oxo-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate
    —— 5-[2-[1-(5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 54573-75-0 C28H44O2
    5-[2-[1-(5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— Karakoline 39089-30-0 C22H35NO4
    Karakoline