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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N(alpha)-Z-L-arginine HCl 56672-63-0 C14H21ClN4O4
    N(alpha)-Z-L-arginine HCl
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2R,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2R,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25S,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione 11052-72-5 C45H74O10
    (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25S,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione
    —— Huangjiangsu A 1026020-27-8 C51H82O22
    Huangjiangsu A
    —— [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate
    —— Oridonin,(S) 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Oridonin,(S)
    —— 2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid 21150-22-1 C39H53N9O15S
    2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— (1S,9R,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (1S,9R,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— Pseudo ginsenoside F11 69884-00-0 C42H72O14
    Pseudo ginsenoside F11
    —— Hydroxypanaxidiol 32791-84-7 C30H52O4
    Hydroxypanaxidiol
    —— (1R,3S,6R,7S,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    (1R,3S,6R,7S,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione
    —— 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 749269-83-8 C16H11Cl2FO2
    1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— (1R,9S,14S,18E,21S,23S,24R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (1R,9S,14S,18E,21S,23S,24R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)L-Glc 1109-28-0 C18H32O16
    Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)L-Glc
    —— [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,7S,8R,9R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 6900-87-4 C33H45NO10
    [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,7S,8R,9R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,7S,8R,9R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 2752-64-9 C33H45NO11
    [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,7S,8R,9R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 474-62-4 C28H48O
    (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
    —— [2-[Carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoniumylideneethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-1-(methylamino)ethylidene]oxidanium;gadolinium(2+) 131410-48-5 C16H31GdN5O8+4
    [2-[Carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoniumylideneethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-1-(methylamino)ethylidene]oxidanium;gadolinium(2+)
    —— N-3-Propenyl hydroxyacetamide 98071-17-1 C5H9NO2
    N-3-Propenyl hydroxyacetamide
    —— (E)-4-(6-(2-(3-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine 541550-19-0 C23H26N6O2
    (E)-4-(6-(2-(3-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine
    —— N-(3-methylbenzylidene)-N'-(7-morpholin-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)hydrazine 1232221-74-7 C23H23N7O
    N-(3-methylbenzylidene)-N'-(7-morpholin-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)hydrazine
    —— Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide 59068-47-2 C32H43N9O9
    Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide
    —— N-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide 70967-97-4 C30H36N6O9
    N-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide
    —— (+/-)-calcium glycerate dihydrate 67525-74-0 2C3H5O4*Ca*2H2O
    (+/-)-calcium glycerate dihydrate
    —— (Z)-6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 100665-40-5 C30H42O7
    (Z)-6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
    —— Ganoderenic acid c 100665-42-7 C30H44O7
    Ganoderenic acid c
    —— Azanide;2-oxidoacetate;platinum(4+) 95734-82-0 C2H6N2O3Pt
    Azanide;2-oxidoacetate;platinum(4+)
    —— L-Glc(a1-6)L-Glc(a1-6)L-Glc 3371-50-4 C18H32O16
    L-Glc(a1-6)L-Glc(a1-6)L-Glc
    —— nomillin 1063-77-0 C28H34O9
    nomillin
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-α-<i>D</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-α-<i>D</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-adenosine
    —— repertaxin 266359-83-5 C14H21NO3S
    repertaxin
    —— Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt 7784-82-9 C23H33N3O6
    Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt
    —— N-Phenylglycime sodium salt 10265-69-7 C8H8NO2*Na
    N-Phenylglycime sodium salt
    —— (S)-20-Protopanaxatriol 1453-93-6 C30H52O4
    (S)-20-Protopanaxatriol
    —— 2-[2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-pentanedioic acid 2545-89-3 C14H18N2O6
    2-[2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-pentanedioic acid
    —— 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride dihydrate 207738-08-7 C16H26Cl2N2O2
    3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride dihydrate
    —— 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (2RS, 3SR) 91121-19-6 C5H10O3
    2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (2RS, 3SR)
    —— LY2452473 1029692-15-6 C22H22N4O2
    LY2452473
    —— 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-desoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 56883-33-1 C14H19N3O9
    1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-desoxy-α-D-glucopyranose
    —— ebeiedinone 25650-68-4 C27H43NO2
    ebeiedinone
    —— Coelenterazine h 50909-86-9 C26H21N3O2
    Coelenterazine h
    —— Hesperadin 422513-13-1 C29H32N4O3S
    Hesperadin
    —— Coelenterazine 55779-48-1 C26H21N3O3
    Coelenterazine
    —— 9-Amino-5-imino-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine acetate salt 10510-54-0 C18H15N3O3
    9-Amino-5-imino-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine acetate salt
    —— ethyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside 129519-27-3 C30H29NO6S
    ethyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 2-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-5-sulfoformazylbenzene sodium salt 135-52-4 C20H16N4O6S
    2-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-5-sulfoformazylbenzene sodium salt
    —— D,L-Alanosine 5854-95-5 C3H7N3O4
    D,L-Alanosine