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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Adenosine sodio-2',3'-phosphate hydrate 37063-35-7 C10H13N5NaO6P
    Adenosine sodio-2',3'-phosphate hydrate
    —— 4-Methylcoumarin-6-ylmethyliminodiacetic acid 54375-47-2 C15H15NO6
    4-Methylcoumarin-6-ylmethyliminodiacetic acid
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8S,8aS,14bS)-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 58558-08-0 C42H68O13
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8S,8aS,14bS)-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Spiro(azuleno(4,5-b)furan-3(2H),10'-(4H-6a,9)ethanoazuleno(4,5-b)furan)-2,2'(3'H)-dione, 4-(acetyloxy)-3a,3'a,4,5,5',6,6',6a,7,9',9a,9'a,9b,9'b-tetradecahydro-6,6'-dihydroxy-6,6',9,9'-tetramethyl-3'-methylene-, (3'aS-(3'aalpha,6'alpha,6'aa lpha,9'alpha,9'aalpha,9'bbeta,10'S*(3aS*,4R*,6S*,6aS*,9aS*,9bS*)))- 62687-22-3 C32H40O8
    Spiro(azuleno(4,5-b)furan-3(2H),10'-(4H-6a,9)ethanoazuleno(4,5-b)furan)-2,2'(3'H)-dione, 4-(acetyloxy)-3a,3'a,4,5,5',6,6',6a,7,9',9a,9'a,9b,9'b-tetradecahydro-6,6'-dihydroxy-6,6',9,9'-tetramethyl-3'-methylene-, (3'aS-(3'aalpha,6'alpha,6'aa lpha,9'alpha,9'aalpha,9'bbeta,10'S*(3aS*,4R*,6S*,6aS*,9aS*,9bS*)))-
    —— N-Benzoyl-5'-O-(p,p'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine 128435-26-7 C37H35N3O7
    N-Benzoyl-5'-O-(p,p'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine
    —— 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-4-methyl- 69414-26-2 C15H16O7
    2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-4-methyl-
    —— Einecs 279-675-0 81029-05-2 C17H23ClN4O
    Einecs 279-675-0
    —— Prezatide copper acetate 130120-57-9 C16H28CuN6O6+2
    Prezatide copper acetate
    —— Fura 2am 108964-32-5 C44H47N3O24
    Fura 2am
    —— N-(2-Dodecyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetamide 147025-06-7 C20H39NO6
    N-(2-Dodecyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetamide
    —— 2-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellobioside 70867-33-3 C18H25NO13
    2-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellobioside
    —— Threonylaspartic acid 108320-97-4 C8H14N2O6
    Threonylaspartic acid
    —— D-Glucuro-3,6-lactone 32449-92-6 C6H8O6
    D-Glucuro-3,6-lactone
    —— Sodium usnate 34769-44-3 C18H15NaO7
    Sodium usnate
    —— 2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid 131602-53-4 C45H81N13O14S
    2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
    —— D-Glucitol, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- 585-88-6 C12H24O11
    D-Glucitol, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-
    —— Boc-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine benzyl ester 18814-49-8 C20H29N3O6
    Boc-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine benzyl ester
    —— 2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium 131410-48-5 C16H29GdN5O8
    2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium
    —— Meldonium; MET-88; Quaterin 86426-17-7 C6H16N2O3
    Meldonium; MET-88; Quaterin
    —— Lithosprmoside 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    Lithosprmoside
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3Z,5Z,8S,9Z,11S,12R,13Z,15Z,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate 873857-62-6 C52H74Cl2O18
    [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3Z,5Z,8S,9Z,11S,12R,13Z,15Z,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate
    —— alpha-D-Galactopyranose, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), potassium salt (1:2) 19046-60-7 C6H15K2O11P
    alpha-D-Galactopyranose, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), potassium salt (1:2)
    —— Disodium glucose-6-phosphate trihydrate 3671-99-6 C6H17Na2O12P
    Disodium glucose-6-phosphate trihydrate
    —— Primulin 30113-37-2 C23H25O12+
    Primulin
    —— Lysozyme (chicken egg white) 9001-63-2 C99H159N37O23
    Lysozyme (chicken egg white)
    —— DL-Seryl-L-glutaminsaeure 6403-16-3 C8H14N2O6
    DL-Seryl-L-glutaminsaeure
    —— [2-Propanoyloxy-2-[3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)oxolan-2-yl]ethyl] propanoate 307531-77-7 C21H32O11
    [2-Propanoyloxy-2-[3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)oxolan-2-yl]ethyl] propanoate
    —— 2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol 9012-72-0 C18H32O14
    2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol
    —— (4Z,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    (4Z,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one
    —— 4-Fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3-diol 14537-01-0 C5H9FO4
    4-Fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3-diol
    —— 2-[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 16727-30-3 C29H35O17+
    2-[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— D-Fructose, 6-(dihydrogen phosphate), disodium salt 71662-09-4 C6H11Na2O9P
    D-Fructose, 6-(dihydrogen phosphate), disodium salt
    —— [(3'S,4'R,5'R,6'R,10'S,12'S,21'R)-2-hydroxy-1,4',6',12',17',17'-hexamethyl-18'-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,8'-9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docos-13-ene]-3'-yl] acetate 66176-93-0 C37H54O11
    [(3'S,4'R,5'R,6'R,10'S,12'S,21'R)-2-hydroxy-1,4',6',12',17',17'-hexamethyl-18'-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,8'-9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docos-13-ene]-3'-yl] acetate
    —— Sodium 7-phenyl-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)amino]benzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-6-sulfonate 25641-18-3 C28H18N3NaO6S2
    Sodium 7-phenyl-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)amino]benzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-6-sulfonate
    —— Gly2-L-HisGly 128114-56-7 C12H18N6O5
    Gly2-L-HisGly
    —— L-Threonine, N-(1-L-lysyl-D-prolyl)- 117027-34-6 C15H28N4O5
    L-Threonine, N-(1-L-lysyl-D-prolyl)-
    —— Sodium L-glutamate 16177-21-2 C5H7NNa2O4
    Sodium L-glutamate
    —— (8S,9S,10S,11S,14R)-17-[(2R)-4-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 18649-93-9 C30H48O4
    (8S,9S,10S,11S,14R)-17-[(2R)-4-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— sequella 502487-67-4 C22H38N2
    sequella
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Chromate(5-),5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]azo]-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonato(4-)]-, tetrasodium hydrogen 6408-31-7 C16H15ClCrN4O9S2
    Chromate(5-),5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]azo]-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonato(4-)]-, tetrasodium hydrogen
    —— (R)-2-hydroxy-3-m-tolyl-propionic acid 374119-33-2 C10H12O3
    (R)-2-hydroxy-3-m-tolyl-propionic acid
    —— (2R,6S)-6-[(3S,5R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-12-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-1,2,3,5,6,12,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 98665-19-1 C32H44O9
    (2R,6S)-6-[(3S,5R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-12-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-1,2,3,5,6,12,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid
    —— sclareolide 564-20-5 C16H26O2
    sclareolide
    —— cenicriviroc 497223-25-3 C41H52N4O4S
    cenicriviroc
    —— [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]azanium 4299-70-1 C12H14N2O2*H
    [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]azanium
    —— 1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 84472-85-5 C9H11N5O4
    1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride 289893-25-0 C14H20ClN3O3
    (3E)-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride
    —— O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin
    —— (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one