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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trans-4-{4-[7-amino-2-(1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-7-yl)-3-chlorofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-4-yl]-1H-pyrazol-1-yl}cyclohexanol 1326712-16-6 C22H19ClN6O2S
    trans-4-{4-[7-amino-2-(1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-7-yl)-3-chlorofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-4-yl]-1H-pyrazol-1-yl}cyclohexanol
    —— N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide 120138-50-3 C53H67N9O10S
    N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide
    —— Aspartyl-Glutamine 13433-13-1 C9H15N3O6
    Aspartyl-Glutamine
    —— Neoeuonymine 33510-25-7 C36H45NO17
    Neoeuonymine
    —— [(1S,3R,13S,14S,17S,18R,19R,20R,21S,22R,23R,24R)-18,19,21,22,24-pentaacetyloxy-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate 33458-82-1 C38H47NO18
    [(1S,3R,13S,14S,17S,18R,19R,20R,21S,22R,23R,24R)-18,19,21,22,24-pentaacetyloxy-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate
    —— 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol 14337-53-2 C15H17BrN4O
    2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol
    —— sodium;[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate 33818-15-4 C14H25N4NaO11P2
    sodium;[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
    —— <i>O</i><sup>1</sup>-phosphono-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranose; compound with cyclohexylamine 38180-21-1 C5H11O8P*2C6H13N
    <i>O</i><sup>1</sup>-phosphono-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranose; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— D-Lactose monohydrate 64044-51-5 C12H24O12
    D-Lactose monohydrate
    —— juvenile hormone II 34218-61-6 C17H28O3
    juvenile hormone II
    —— 3-methyl-2-((1S,2S)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline 1516896-09-5 C21H19N7
    3-methyl-2-((1S,2S)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline
    —— argininium nitrate 51076-10-9 C6H14N4O2*2HNO3
    argininium nitrate
    —— DNP-Arginin 1602-42-2 C12H16N6O6
    DNP-Arginin
    —— 2-Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsaeure-2,4,5-trichlorphenylester 5910-47-4 C11H8Cl3NO3
    2-Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsaeure-2,4,5-trichlorphenylester
    —— 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran 53008-63-2 C35H38O6
    3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— Harpagid 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    Harpagid
    —— harpagide 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    harpagide
    —— (S)-3-(Acetylamino-methylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid 4-nitro-phenyl ester 58651-76-6 C17H23N3O7S
    (S)-3-(Acetylamino-methylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid 4-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— asatone 38451-63-7 C24H32O8
    asatone
    —— Allyl-β-D-glucosylacetat 10343-15-4 C17H24O10
    Allyl-β-D-glucosylacetat
    —— (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one 84692-91-1 C15H18O3
    (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one
    —— 4-Benzyl-1-(beta,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)piperidinium hydrogen tartrate 23210-58-4 C46H60N2O10
    4-Benzyl-1-(beta,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)piperidinium hydrogen tartrate
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— Disomotide 181477-43-0 C47H74N10O14S
    Disomotide
    —— LX2761 1610954-97-6 C32H47N3O6S
    LX2761
    —— 5-(4-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-cinnamylidene)-barbituric acid 100872-83-1 C14H12N2O4
    5-(4-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-cinnamylidene)-barbituric acid
    —— N-Fmoc-S-benzylcysteine 53298-33-2 C25H23NO4S
    N-Fmoc-S-benzylcysteine
    —— (rac)-4-benzyloxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 54631-81-1 C18H25NO5
    (rac)-4-benzyloxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
    —— H2N-D-Phe(4-F)-O-t-Bu 465538-48-1 C13H18FNO2
    H2N-D-Phe(4-F)-O-t-Bu
    —— (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride 156223-05-1 C19H20N2O2*2ClH
    (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride
    —— C646 328968-36-1 C24H19N3O6
    C646
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— gypenoside-XVII 80321-69-3 C48H82O18
    gypenoside-XVII
    —— N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl-L-serylglycyne 81672-17-5 C24H28N2O6
    N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl-L-serylglycyne
    —— 6-chloropurine riboside 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    6-chloropurine riboside
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Carbetocin 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
    Carbetocin
    —— YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTL-OH 61512-77-4 C83H131N19O27S
    YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTL-OH
    —— [(3aR,5S,6R,6aR)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl] methanesulfonate 5450-26-0 C13H22O8S
    [(3aR,5S,6R,6aR)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl] methanesulfonate
    —— ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate 4526-93-6 C15H20N2O6
    ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate
    —— benzoylmesaconine 63238-67-5 C31H43NO10
    benzoylmesaconine
    —— Ile-Pro 37462-92-3 C11H20N2O3
    Ile-Pro
    —— Boc-Ile-ONP 16948-38-2 C17H24N2O6
    Boc-Ile-ONP
    —— Bax channel blocker 335165-68-9 C19H21Br2N3O
    Bax channel blocker
    —— epieudesmin 526-06-7 C22H26O6
    epieudesmin
    —— yunaconitine 70578-24-4 C35H49NO11
    yunaconitine
    —— N-Octadecanoyl-D-alanine 886202-59-1 C21H41NO3
    N-Octadecanoyl-D-alanine
    —— 5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure 1032-65-1 C9H14N3O7P
    5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure
    —— (1R,2S,6R,8R)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-7-ol 52579-97-2 C9H14O5
    (1R,2S,6R,8R)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-7-ol
    —— D-leucylglycine 997-05-7 C8H16N2O3
    D-leucylglycine