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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Libanotin 15591-75-0 C21H22O7
Libanotin
—— Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid) 499-20-7 C14H17NO7
Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid)
—— (±)-5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid 845673-97-4 C20H32O4
(±)-5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
—— Picrocrocin 138-55-6 C16H26O7
Picrocrocin
—— Sodium hydrogen N,N'-(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidenebis((6-hydroxy-5-methylphen-3,1-ylene)methylene))bisaminoacetate S,S-dioxide 77031-64-2 C27H28N2NaO9S+
Sodium hydrogen N,N'-(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidenebis((6-hydroxy-5-methylphen-3,1-ylene)methylene))bisaminoacetate S,S-dioxide
—— Cibinetide 1208243-50-8 C51H84N16O21
Cibinetide
—— (R)-3-amino-4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid 269396-76-1 C11H12F3NO2
(R)-3-amino-4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid
—— 2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 30197-14-9 C21H24O8
2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
—— Unii-1W21G5Q4N2 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
Unii-1W21G5Q4N2
—— (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimine 23256-30-6 C10H13N3O5S
(Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimine
—— baicalein 7-O-glucoside 57396-78-8 C21H20O10
baicalein 7-O-glucoside
—— RKRSRAE 81187-14-6 C35H67N17O11
RKRSRAE
—— (2S)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-butanoyloxy-3-propanoyloxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid 8002-43-5 C13H24NO10P
(2S)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-butanoyloxy-3-propanoyloxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid
—— 6-(6-hydroxymethyl pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide 890128-81-1 C23H16F3N3O3
6-(6-hydroxymethyl pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide
—— (2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
(2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
—— (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride 55-16-3 C17H22ClNO4
(9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride
—— 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo- 1260-17-9 C22H20O13
2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-
—— (2R)-3-[(6R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2'R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
(2R)-3-[(6R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2'R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
—— (<i>S</i>)-<i>p</i>-menthadien-(1.8)-al-(7)-<i>seqcis</i>-oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
(<i>S</i>)-<i>p</i>-menthadien-(1.8)-al-(7)-<i>seqcis</i>-oxime
—— (+)-perillaldehyde <i>seqcis</i>-oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
(+)-perillaldehyde <i>seqcis</i>-oxime
—— perillartine 30950-27-7 C10H15NO
perillartine
—— (S)-perillaldehyde oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
(S)-perillaldehyde oxime
—— 8-(2-amino-3-chloro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1607837-31-9 C21H23ClN6O
8-(2-amino-3-chloro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
—— 1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)- 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)-
—— notoginsenoside-R1 80418-24-2 C47H80O18
notoginsenoside-R1
—— 20(R)-notoginsenoside R2 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
20(R)-notoginsenoside R2
—— Bioneem 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
Bioneem
—— cucurbitacin E 2612-95-5 C32H44O8
cucurbitacin E
—— Neogambogic acid 93772-31-7 C38H46O9
Neogambogic acid
—— Schisantherin B 58546-55-7 C28H34O9
Schisantherin B
—— UK5099 56396-35-1 C18H12N2O2
UK5099
—— 7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt 30252-40-5 C10H7O4S*K
7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt
—— 6-(methylamino)purineriboside 1867-73-8 C11H15N5O4
6-(methylamino)purineriboside
—— gnidilatidin 60195-70-2 C37H44O10
gnidilatidin
—— menisdaurin 67765-58-6 C14H19NO7
menisdaurin
—— Ditaurobilirubin, disodium 68683-34-1 C37H44N6Na2O10S2
Ditaurobilirubin, disodium
—— [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 94079-81-9 C35H46O19
[6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
—— Furanodienon 24268-41-5 C15H18O2
Furanodienon
—— (1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one 34420-19-4 C20H30O4
(1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one
—— Aloenin B 106533-41-9 C34H38O17
Aloenin B
—— KU0063794 938440-64-3 C25H31N5O4
KU0063794
—— 2-fluoro-<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanine 7557-34-8 C17H16FNO4
2-fluoro-<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanine
—— corilagin 23094-69-1 C27H22O18
corilagin
—— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
—— S-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-propan-2-ol 1235481-43-2 C22H20Br2N2O2
S-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-propan-2-ol
—— 2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid 748163-22-6 C25H20F3NO4
2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
—— [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 93236-42-1 C36H48O20
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
—— linderane 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
linderane
—— GSK2795039 1415925-18-6 C23H26N6O2S
GSK2795039
—— [(2R,3S)-1-amino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl] carbamate 49705-98-8 C12H16N2O4
[(2R,3S)-1-amino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl] carbamate