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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Sarafotoxin S6a 126738-34-9 C105H156N28O34S5
    Sarafotoxin S6a
    —— (2S,4S,5R)-2-[(2R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(6S,7S,9R,13R,16R,18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    (2S,4S,5R)-2-[(2R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(6S,7S,9R,13R,16R,18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— alpha-Glucosylhesperidin 161713-86-6 C34H44O20
    alpha-Glucosylhesperidin
    —— Momor-cerebroside I 606125-07-9 C48H93NO10
    Momor-cerebroside I
    —— Succinyl coenzyme A sodium 108347-97-3 C25H39N7NaO19P3S
    Succinyl coenzyme A sodium
    —— bradykinin acetate 5979-11-3 C2H4O2*C50H73N15O11
    bradykinin acetate
    —— Picfeltarraenin A 97230-47-2 C41H62O13
    Picfeltarraenin A
    —— Sodium (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9(6H)-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl phosphate 102814-03-9 C10H12N5Na2O7P
    Sodium (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9(6H)-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl phosphate
    —— N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid 4910-46-7 C11H18N2O9
    N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid
    —— L-Cystine bis(beta-naphthylamide) dihydrochloride 100900-22-9 C26H28Cl2N4O2S2
    L-Cystine bis(beta-naphthylamide) dihydrochloride
    —— Gly-pro 4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide*hydroc hloride 100929-90-6 C18H22ClN3O3
    Gly-pro 4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide*hydroc hloride
    —— [N-[1-[2-(2-Pyridylcarboxamido)phenyl]ethylidene]-glycinato]nickel 264921-97-3 C16H14N3NiO3-
    [N-[1-[2-(2-Pyridylcarboxamido)phenyl]ethylidene]-glycinato]nickel
    —— (4S,5R,6R,18R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3,8,8,15,15,18-hexamethyl-7,9-dioxapentacyclo[11.5.1.01,5.06,11.014,16]nonadeca-2,11-dien-19-one 77573-43-4 C23H32O5
    (4S,5R,6R,18R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3,8,8,15,15,18-hexamethyl-7,9-dioxapentacyclo[11.5.1.01,5.06,11.014,16]nonadeca-2,11-dien-19-one
    —— disodium;(2R)-2-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxido)methylidene]amino]-3-sulfosulfanylpropanoate 163558-30-3 C18H15NNa2O7S2
    disodium;(2R)-2-[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy(oxido)methylidene]amino]-3-sulfosulfanylpropanoate
    —— Des(benzylpyridyl) Atazanavir 1192224-24-0 C26H43N5O7
    Des(benzylpyridyl) Atazanavir
    —— phosphatidylserine 51446-62-9 C42H82NO10P
    phosphatidylserine
    —— Mellibiose 585-99-9 C12H22O11
    Mellibiose
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro-, triacetate 13242-55-2 C12H16O8
    beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro-, triacetate
    —— Rapivab 330600-85-6 C15H36N4O8
    Rapivab
    —— 5'-Inosinic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:2:8) 20813-76-7 C10H27N4Na2O16P
    5'-Inosinic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:2:8)
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— Sodium 2-bromo-4-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(2-sulfophenyl)methyl]-6-chlorophenolate 102185-52-4 C19H9Br2Cl2NaO5S
    Sodium 2-bromo-4-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(2-sulfophenyl)methyl]-6-chlorophenolate
    —— [(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-octadecanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy(2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy)phosphinic acid 85187-10-6 C41H84N2O6P+
    [(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-octadecanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy(2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy)phosphinic acid
    —— 4-[(2S,8R,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    4-[(2S,8R,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— Disodium guanosine triphosphate 56001-37-7 C10H16N5O14P3
    Disodium guanosine triphosphate
    —— glucosamine sulfate 14999-43-0 C6H13NO5*H2O4S
    glucosamine sulfate
    —— 2-(~2~H_2_)Amino(~2~H_2_)ethan(~2~H_2_)imidic acid 4896-77-9 C2H6N2O
    2-(~2~H_2_)Amino(~2~H_2_)ethan(~2~H_2_)imidic acid
    —— 3-Hydroxyspirost-5-en-1-yl 6-deoxy-2-O-(6-deoxyhexopyranosyl)hexopyranoside 38971-41-4 C39H62O12
    3-Hydroxyspirost-5-en-1-yl 6-deoxy-2-O-(6-deoxyhexopyranosyl)hexopyranoside
    —— 6,9-Bis(2-aminoethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione;but-2-enedioic acid 144675-97-8 C25H27N5O10
    6,9-Bis(2-aminoethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione;but-2-enedioic acid
    —— 2-Amino-N-[1-(6-carbamimidamido-1-chloro-2-oxohexan-3-yl)prolyl]-3-phenylpropanimidic acid 71142-71-7 C21H31ClN6O3
    2-Amino-N-[1-(6-carbamimidamido-1-chloro-2-oxohexan-3-yl)prolyl]-3-phenylpropanimidic acid
    —— dipotassium;[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(1R,4R,5R,7R,9R,10S,13S,15S)-5-carboxy-15-hydroxy-9-methyl-14-methylidene-7-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl] sulfate 102130-43-8 C30H44K2O16S2
    dipotassium;[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(1R,4R,5R,7R,9R,10S,13S,15S)-5-carboxy-15-hydroxy-9-methyl-14-methylidene-7-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl] sulfate
    —— 2-[2-Chloro-6-ethoxy-4-[(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolylidene)methyl]phenoxy]acetic acid methyl ester 431979-47-4 C22H21ClN2O5
    2-[2-Chloro-6-ethoxy-4-[(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolylidene)methyl]phenoxy]acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 5-Carbamimidamido-2-(phenylformamido)pentanamide hydrochloride 4299-03-0 C13H20ClN5O2
    5-Carbamimidamido-2-(phenylformamido)pentanamide hydrochloride
    —— (R)-3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid 499995-73-2 C14H18N2O6
    (R)-3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
    —— (3R,4R)-3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylhexanoic acid 193954-27-7 C22H25NO4
    (3R,4R)-3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylhexanoic acid
    —— (3R,4R)-3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-4-methyl-hexanoic acid 218608-82-3 C12H23NO4
    (3R,4R)-3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-4-methyl-hexanoic acid
    —— (3S)-3-{[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}-5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanoic acid 266359-48-2 C21H23NO4S
    (3S)-3-{[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}-5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanoic acid
    —— Fmoc-(S)-3-amino-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid 374791-01-2 C24H20N2O6
    Fmoc-(S)-3-amino-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
    —— Maltulose H2O 207511-09-9 C12H24O12
    Maltulose H2O
    —— 2-phenylethyl β-D-thiogalactoside 63407-54-5 C14H20O5S
    2-phenylethyl β-D-thiogalactoside
    —— Sodium (cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)[(4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)amino]acetate 26774-89-0 C13H16NNaO4
    Sodium (cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)[(4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)amino]acetate
    —— 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt 129541-41-9 C14H12BrClNNaO7
    5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt
    —— O-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)cyanomethylenamino]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate 136849-72-4 C10H17BF4N4O3
    O-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)cyanomethylenamino]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
    —— 2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol hydrate 34004-14-3 C7H16O7
    (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol hydrate
    —— 3,3-Bis[3-[[bis(sodiooxycarbonylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]-3H-2,1-benzooxathiole 1,1-dioxide 3618-43-7 C31H28N2Na4O13S
    3,3-Bis[3-[[bis(sodiooxycarbonylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]-3H-2,1-benzooxathiole 1,1-dioxide
    —— peptide N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester monohydrate 36546-50-6 C13H17NO4*H2O
    peptide N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester monohydrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium 44565-47-1 C4H11N2O+
    2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium
    —— (1S,4S,7Z,10S,21R)-7-ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone 128517-07-7 C24H36N4O6S2
    (1S,4S,7Z,10S,21R)-7-ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone
    —— Tertiapin Q 252198-49-5 C106H175N35O24S4
    Tertiapin Q